1956-2018年阆中市流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Japanese B Encephalitis in Langzhong,1956-2018

作　　者：曹妍[1] 何志才 周兴余[2] 盛凌 蒲奎[1] 杨洪召 侯仕茂[1] 李杨 CAO Yan;HE Zhi-cai;ZHOU Xing-yu;SHEN Ling;PU Kui;YANG Hong-zhao;HOU Shi-mao;LI Yang(Langzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Langzhong, Sichuan 637455 , China)

机构地区：[1]四川省阆中市疾病预防控制中心,四川阆中637455 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第17期3104-3106,3130,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析1956-2018年阆中市流行性乙型脑炎流行趋势和流行病学特征,为探索有效防控措施提供依据。方法收集1956-2018年阆中市乙脑疫情数据、工作报表,根据乙脑疫苗免疫发展历程,将1956-2018年划分为疫苗使用前阶段(1956-1970年)、推广使用乙脑灭活疫苗阶段(1971-1988年)、推广使用乙脑减毒活疫苗和乙脑灭活疫苗阶段(1989-2007年),扩大免疫规划阶段(2008-2018年)4个阶段,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析乙脑的发病和死亡变化情况。结果 1956-2018年阆中市累计报告乙脑2 234例,死亡284例,年均报告发病率为4.54/105,死亡率为0.58/10^5,病死率12.71%。各阶段报告发病率分别为7.67/10^5,8.78/10^5,1.47/10^5和0.38/10^5,报告发病率总体呈下降趋势(x^2趋势=1 470.20,P<0.001)。病例年龄以15岁及以下儿童为主,占96.91%。季节以7~9月为发病高峰,占93.29%。2004-2018年病例疫苗接种史无及不详儿童占77.41%。结论近年来,阆中市乙脑疫情得到了有效控制,未免疫儿童仍是乙脑发病的高危人群,仍应加强以预防接种为主,主动监测和健康教育,防蚊、灭蚊、环境卫生治理爱国卫生运动的综合防控措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and dynamic change trend of Japanese B encephalitis(JE)in Langzhong from 1956 to 2018,and to provide evidence for exploring the effective prevention and control measures of JE.Methods The data of JE epidemic history,work reports,from 1956 to 2018 were collected.According to the development of JE vaccine’s usage,it can be divided into four periods from 1956 to 2018,including unused phase(1956-1970),promoting the use of JE inactivated phase(1971-1988),promoting the use of live attenuated JE and JE inactivated vaccines phase(1989-2007),and expanding immunization program phase(2008-2018).We Analyzed morbidity and mortality changes of JE by description epidemiologic method.Results There were altogether 2 234 cases of JE reported from 1956 to 2018,and 284 died.The annual average morbidity rate and mortality rate were 4.54/10~5 and 0.58/10~5 in these periods.The four phases annual average morbidity rate were 7.67/10~5,8.78/10~5,1.47/10~5,0.38/10~5.The incidence of JE was generally declining(x^2=1 470.20,P=0.00).JE appeared mainly in the children below 15 years old(96.91%).JE had obvious seasonal character,and the peak of incidence was from the July to September(93.29%).There was 77.41%children with unknown JE cases and no definite history of vaccination from 2004 to 2018.Conclusion JE have been effectively controlled in Langzhong,and non-immunized children are still the high-risk group of JE.The comprehensive prevention and control measures should be strengthened,including vaccination,mosquito control,host management and health education.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 发病率 流行特征 免疫规划 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]