大口径射电望远镜天文观测与监控软件系统架构设计  

The architecture design of astronomical observation and system monitoring and control software for large radio telescope

作　　者：刘志勇[1,2,3] 李军 王娜[1,2] 袁野 陈卯蒸[1,2] LIU ZhiYong;LI Jun;WANG Na;YUAN Ye;CHEN MaoZheng(Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆天文台,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院射电天文重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2019年第9期74-84,共11页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2015CB857100);中国科学院西部之光项目(编号:XBQN-A-1)、中国科学院天文台站设备更新及重大仪器设备运行专项和中国科学院天文大科学研究中心前瞻课题资助;国家自然科学基金(编号:U1531243)

摘　　要：奇台110 m口径全可动射电望远镜波段覆盖范围宽、科学目标广、配备设备种类多,在天文观测中不仅需要协调、控制和监视各类观测设备,还需要在高精度观测中实时校准和调整设备,所以天文观测与监控软件系统的顶层设计对实现科学观测尤为重要.随着望远镜设备增多,控制与监视的节点数增加,观测系统变得非常复杂,传统的集中式控制系统已不能满足系统要求.本文提出一种基于消息队列中间件ZeroMQ和序列化通信的天文观测与监控软件体系架构.该架构由用户交互系统、动态调度、协调中心、健康管理、数据处理、本地控制和硬件等系统组成.其中,协调中心作为软件系统的核心,以往大多数研究强调如何调度观测任务的序列而不是不同系统之间的任务调度.本文涉及的协调中心,通过任务管理、多线程和消息缓存等方法,使天文观测系统成为一个有机的整体.架构设计基于分布式设计模式,结合层次结构、设计模式和微服务设计思想,使系统具有更好的跨平台和自动化的性能要求.Astronomical observation and system monitoring and control software is an important component for the wide-band,multi-scientific, and general-purpose QiTai Radio Telescope. Its function is to coordinate the assignments, control and monitor the equipment either remotely or locally, and to perform real-time calibration and adjustment for high precision observations. As the number of the controlling and monitoring nodes increases, the complexity of the observation system also increases and the traditional centralized controlled system can no longer meet the system requirements. This paper proposes an architecture design of astronomical observations which based on message queue middleware ZeroMQ and serialized communication. The architecture consists of a graphical user interaction system, dynamic scheduling,coordination center, health monitoring system, data processing system, local control system and hardware system. As the core of the software system, the function of the coordination center has been emphasized on how to schedule the sequence of observation tasks in most previous studies rather than on scheduling among different systems. In our design,the coordination center controls and manages other systems through task management, multi-threading and message caching making the astronomical observation system functions as an integrated whole. The architecture design adopts a distributed design pattern in combination with the ideas of hierarchy, design patterns and microservices design to equip the system with better cross-platform and highly automated performance requirements.

关 键 词：射电望远镜 天文观测系统 架构设计 协调中心 

分 类 号：TH751[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TP311.52[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]