2008—2017年夏季辽东湾北部渔业水域生态环境质量综合评价  

Comprehensive Assessment of Eco-Environmental Quality of Fishery Waters in the Northern Liaodong Bay in 2008-2017

作　　者：吴金浩[1,2] 李强 宋广军[1,2] 张玉凤 王召会[1,2] 宋伦 王志松[1,2] WU Jin-hao;LI Qiang;SONG Guang-jun;ZHANG Yu-feng;WANG Zhao-hui;SONG Lun;WANG Zhi-song(Liaoning Ocean and Fishery Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Liaoning Ocean Environment Monitoring Station,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁省海洋环境监测总站,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2019年第8期1000-1008,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金(20180551207);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(20170036);农业农村部基础性长期性科技工作观测监测项目(ZX08S060262)

摘　　要：基于2008-2017年辽东湾北部渔业水域历史监测数据,利用主成分分析法建立指标权重评价模型,对该海域生态环境质量进行综合评价。研究结果表明:辽东湾北部渔业水域生态环境质量等级为轻污染,呈现东西两侧污染高,中部低,南部外海略高,北部河口略低的特点。近10 a来,研究区域仅2016年生态环境综合质量等级处于清洁,其他年份均表现为轻污染;2011年综合污染指数最高,综合污染指数总体保持稳定,并呈现略有好转、逐年改善的趋势。聚类分析结果表明,研究区域可分为4类并呈现各自不同特点:第1类区域生物指标污染贡献率最高;第2类区域主要集中在双台子河口,水质污染明显;第3类区域沉积物重金属污染特征显著;第4类区域分布范围更广,综合污染指数介于其他3类之间。辽东湾北部渔业水域主要受生物指标影响,其污染贡献率为60.9%,水质和沉积物指标贡献率相差不大;水质营养盐、沉积物重金属镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、叶绿素a以及浮游动物为辽东湾北部主要污染指标,污染贡献率较大,需重点关注。Based on the historical monitoring data of seawater, sediment and biological ecology in the fishery waters of northern Liaodong Bay from 2008 to 2017, a model of index weight evaluation was established by principal component analysis(PCA). The ecological environment quality of the sea area was evaluated comprehensively. The results show that the ecological environment quality of the fishery waters in the northern Liaodong Bay was at the level of light pollution, and the comprehensive pollution index was high on both sides of the east and west, low in the middle, high in the south offshore and low in the northern estuary. In the past 10 years, the comprehensive quality of the eco-environment in the study area was under light pollution except for the year of 2016. In 2011, the comprehensive pollution index was the highest, and the overall comprehensive pollution index remained stable, and show a trend of slight improvement year by year. Cluster analysis showed that the study area can be divided into four categories, with different characteristics. In the first category, the pollution contribution rate of bio-ecological indicators was the highest. The second category was concentrated in Shuangtaizi estuary, and the seawater pollution was obvious. The third category was characterized by heavy metal pollution in sediments. The fourth category was more widely distributed, and the comprehensive pollution index was among those of the other three categories. The pollution in the north of Liaodong Bay was mainly affected by bio-ecological indicators, whose contribution rate was 60.9%, and the contribution rates of seawater and sediment indicators were similar. Nutrients in seawater, heavy metal(Cd, Cu, Zn) in sediment, chlorophyll a and zooplankton were the main pollution indexes in Liaodong Bay, and their pollution contribution rates were high.

关 键 词：辽东湾 渔业水域 生态环境质量 综合评价 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]