内蒙古玉米秸秆还田土壤细菌多样性特征  

Characteristics of soil bacterial diversity of maize straw returning field in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：萨如拉[1] 杨恒山[1] 高聚林[2] 宋桂云[1] 李媛媛[1] SA Ru-la;YANG Heng-shan;GAO Ju-lin;SONG Gui-yun;LI Yuan-yuan(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Feed Crop Engineering Technology Research Center,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第4期31-38,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300805);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B04);内蒙古自然基金面上项目(2018MS03059);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY18162)

摘　　要：通过内蒙古半干旱冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田定位试验,结合常规分析手段和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术初步研究了玉米秸秆深翻还田后土壤有机质、纤维素酶活性及土壤细菌多样性变化。结果表明,随着玉米生育期的推进,土壤有机质含量呈先增加后下降趋势,拔节期和大喇叭口期含量较高。玉米秸秆深翻还田一年(SF-Ⅰ)和连续两年玉米秸秆深翻还田(SF-Ⅱ)0~20 cm土层有机质含量除了播种期差异显著外,其余生育期均无显著差异,但均与常规旋耕秸秆不还田(CK)有显著差异;20~40 cm土层SF-Ⅰ、SF-Ⅱ和CK有机质含量除了播种期差异显著外,其余生育期均无显著差异;玉米成熟期土壤有机质含量为SF-Ⅱ>SF-Ⅰ>CK;随着土层的下移土壤有机质含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。秸秆深翻还田后土壤纤维素酶活性明显增强,表现为SF-Ⅱ>SF-Ⅰ>CK;拔节期和大喇叭口期土壤纤维素酶活性增幅较高,与CK差异达到显著水平;纤维素酶活性随土层的下移逐渐下降,0~20 cm土层中,播种期至大喇叭口期秸秆还田土壤纤维素酶活性与CK间差异显著,其余时期无显著差异;20~40 cm土层中,仅播种期秸秆还田土壤纤维素酶活性与CK间差异显著。16S rDNA-PCR-DGGE分析可知,秸秆还田后拔节期至灌浆期土壤细菌群落发生较大的变化,拔节期变化最大。SF-Ⅱ、SF-Ⅰ、CK土壤菌属不同,细菌多样性指数SF-Ⅱ>SF-Ⅰ>CK;秸秆深翻还田增加了土壤细菌多样性,尤其是土壤中纤维素分解菌和有机污染物降解菌群。半干旱冷凉地区两年秸秆还田的土壤细菌多样性比一年秸秆还田的效果更为明显。The changes of soil organic matter,cellulase activity and bacterial diversity after deep ploughing of maize straw were preliminarily studied by means of routine analysis and variable gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE).The results showed that with the advance of maize growth period,the content of soil organic matter increased firstly and then decreased.The content of soil organic matter was higher at jointing stage and big trumpet stage.Soil organic matter content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer with deep ploughing of maize straw for one year(SF-Ⅰ) and two years(SF-Ⅱ) had no significant difference except sowing stage,but had significant difference with CK.Soil organic matter contents of SF-Ⅰ,SF-Ⅱand CK in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer were not significantly different except at sowing stage.The content of soil organic matter in maize mature stage was SF-Ⅱ> SF-Ⅰ> CK,and the content of soil organic matter decreased gradually with the deeper soil layer.The soil cellulase activity increased significantly after straw returning to field,showing as SF-Ⅱ>SF-Ⅰ>CK;Soil cellulase activity increased at jointing stage and big bell stage,and the difference with CK reached a significant level.The activity of cellulase decreased gradually with the deeper soil layer.In the0 ~ 20 cm soil layer,the soil cellulase activity from sowing to trumpet stage had significant difference between straw returning and CK,but had no significant difference in the other periods.In 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer,only sowing stage had significant difference. 16 S rDNA-PCR-DGGE analysis showed that soil bacterial community changed greatly from jointing stage to filling stage after straw returning,and the change was the biggest at jointing stage.SF-Ⅱ,SF-Ⅰ and CK had different soil bacteria,and bacterial diversity index was SF-Ⅱ>SF-Ⅰ>CK.Deep ploughing of straw increased soil bacterial diversity,especially cellulose decomposing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria.In the semi-arid cold area,straw returning to field for two years is better than

关 键 词：玉米秸秆还田 土壤有机质 细菌多样性 半干旱冷凉地区 基因文库 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]