不同保水措施对砂质潮土水分、微生物量及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of water conservation measures on soil moisture, microbial biomass and wheat yield in a sandy fluvio-aquatic soil

作　　者：李培培[1] 仝昊天 翟庆慧 韩燕来[1] 姜瑛[1] LI Pei-pei;TONG Hao-tian;ZHAI Qing-hui;HAN Yan-lai;JIANG Ying(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Jiyuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandary Bureau,Jiyuan Henan 459000)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002 [2]济源市农牧局,河南济源459000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第4期78-83,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301103);河南省科技攻关计划(农业领域)项目(172102110057)

摘　　要：通过研究不同保水措施对砂质潮土的保水效应、微生物量及小麦产量的影响,为中低产田砂质潮土的土壤改良及小麦产量提升提供科学依据。在黄淮海平原麦-玉轮作的典型砂质潮土区,设置常规耕作无保水措施的对照(T)、秸秆还田(TS)、生物炭还田(TB)、秸秆与生物炭配合还田(TS+B)和秸秆与保水剂配合还田(TS+W)5种田间保水措施。结果表明,与T相比,4种保水措施均显著提高了分蘖期土壤含水量,其中TS+W含水量最高,0~20 cm土层增加21.9%,20~40 cm土层增加69.4%,随着生育期延长,保水效果逐渐降低;与之相反,TS+B处理显著提高小麦生育后期的土壤含水量,在灌浆期提高18.8%,成熟期提高32.6%。在小麦分蘖期,0~20 cm土层各处理间微生物量碳无显著差异,与T相比,TS、TB和TS+W处理显著提高20~40 cm土层中土壤微生物量碳,分蘖期增幅最大的是TS,提高量为212.7%,灌浆期增量最大的是TS+W,提高31.6%。各处理小麦产量均有所增加,其中TS+W产量提升31.4%,其中仅TS+W与T处理达到差异显著水平。土壤水分与小麦产量性状、微生物量碳含量的相关分析发现,土壤水分含量是砂质潮土生产力低下的主要限制因素,主要在小麦分蘖期和拔节期影响小麦产量。4种保水措施均不同程度改善砂质潮土的理化性质,增加土壤含水量、微生物量和作物产量,其中秸秆和保水剂配合施用对砂质潮土小麦增产效果最佳。In order to explore the effects of different methods of water conservation on the water holding capacity of sandy fluvio-aquatic soil,soil microbial biomass and wheat yield,a field experiment was carried out for providing scientific and rational basis for the soil improvement in the Yellow-Huaihai plain wheat-maize rotation of the typical sandy soil area.In this study,5 field treatments were designed,including the treatment without water conservation measures(T)as control,straw returning(TS),biochar application(TB),combined straw and biochar(TS+B)and combined straw and water retaining agent(TS+W). Soil moisture,microbial biomass carbon,soluble carbon and crop yield were compared and analyzed in different wheat growing stages. Results showed that: compared with T,4 water conservation treatments significantly increased soil water content in wheat tillering stage,and TS+W showed the highest water moisture,increased by21.9% and 69.4% in 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer,respectively. On the contrary,TS+B significantly increased soil moisture in the later wheat growing stage,increased by 18.8% and 32.6% in filling stage and ripening stage,respectively.There were no significant difference of microbial carbon content among all treatment in tillering stage in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer,while compared with T, TS, TB and TS+W significantly increased soil microbial carbon in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, TS treatment increased by 212.7% in tillering stage and TS+W treatment increased by 31.6% in filling stage, respectively, and TS+B significantly increased soil microbial carbon in 0~20 cm soil layer. All the four water conservation measures increased wheat yield in some extent. However,only TS+W showed significant difference which increased by 31.4%. Correlations between soil moisture and microbial carbon or wheat yield indicated that water was a key factor for the productivity of sandy soils,and tillering stage was more sensitive. The four water conservation methods could increase soil water content,microbial biomass and wheat yield

关 键 词：砂质潮土 秸秆 生物炭 保水剂 微生物量 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学] S512.1