扶贫政策执行中的形式主义：类型特征、影响因素及治理策略  

Formalism in the Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Policies:type Characteristics, Influencing Factors and Governance Strategies

作　　者：郭春甫 薛倩雯[3] GUO Chun-fu;XUE Qian-wen

机构地区：[1]重庆市高校维护稳定研究咨政中心 [2]西南政法大学贫困治理与权利发展研究中心 [3]西南政法大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2019年第5期140-152,共13页Theory and Reform

基　　金：马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目;国家社科基金重大项目“习近平总书记扶贫开发战略思想理论创新和实践创新研究”（项目编号：2016MSJ054，主持人：黄承伟）;西南政法大学“十九大”专项重点项目“深度贫困精准治理研究”（项目编号：2017XZZXZD-12，主持人：郭春甫）;西南政法大学2018年度学生科研创新项目“社会组织参与精准脱贫服务能力评估与提升路径研究”（项目编号：2018XZXS-025，主持人：薛倩雯）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：扶贫政策执行中的形式主义影响脱贫攻坚的成效。形式主义在扶贫政策执行中主要有“敷衍”式执行、“形象”式执行、“加压”式执行、“作假”式执行四种类型。研究发现,政策目标的内在限制性与调整不相容性、执行机构合力不足与“避责”外显、执行资源供需失衡与利用低效、执行人员权力能力式微与“趋利避害”心理、执行自然环境恶劣与“夹心层”压力是导致精准扶贫政策执行形式主义的关键要素。治理形式主义的突破点在于横向上加强文化与价值的认同、部门利益协调的均衡以实现部门间共治,纵向上促进扶贫政策信息传递的共享、过程监督考核的从严以实现层级上协同。The formalism in the implementation of poverty alleviation policies has affected the effective- ness of poverty alleviation. This paper uses case analysis methods to describe the four types of formalism in the implementation of poverty alleviation policies, including "perfunctory" execution,"image" execution," pressurized" execution, and "fraud" execution. The study found that the inherent limitations of policy objec- tives and incompatibility of adjustment, lack of joint efforts of executing agencies and "shirking responsibili- ties", the imbalance between supply and demand of executing resources and low efficiency of utilization, de- clining executive capacity of executing personnel and mindsets of "seeking benefits and avoid harms", harsh executing environment and "sandwich layer" pressure are the key factors that affecting the formalism of tar- geted poverty alleviation policies.The breakthrough point of governing formalism is to strengthen the recogni- tion of culture and value horizontally, balancing the coordination of departmental interests to achieve inter- departmental governance;and promote the sharing of information transmission of poverty alleviation policies vertically, strictly implementing the process supervision and assessment to achieve synergy at the level.

关 键 词：扶贫政策执行 形式主义 精准扶贫 扶贫治理 

分 类 号：D668[政治法律—政治学]