2015—2017年深圳市龙岗区疑似预防接种异常反应监测  

Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2015-2017

作　　者：曾泰生 林少杰[2] 郑铁洪[3] ZENG Tai-sheng;LIN Shao-jie;ZHENG Tie-hong(Department o f Disease Prevention and Control,Pingdi Preventive Health Care Institute of Longgang District,Shenzhen Guangdongy 518117,China;Immunization Planning Departmentt Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen Guangdong,518172,China;STD Prevention and Treatment Departmenty Futian District Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Hospital,Shenzhen Guangdong,518048,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区坪地预防保健所疾病预防控制科,广东深圳518117 [2]深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,广东深圳518172 [3]深圳市福田区慢性病防治院性病防治科,广东深圳518048

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第15期2097-2101,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市龙岗区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的分布特征,评价AEFI信息管理系统运转情况及疫苗的安全性和预防接种服务质量。方法通过中国免疫规划监测信息管理系统收集整理2015—2017年龙岗区报告的AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果 2015—2017年龙岗区共报告AEFI病例1 324例,报告发生率为24.60/10万剂次,其中一般反应占63.22%(837例),异常反应占31.95%(423例),偶合症占4.76%(63例),心因性反应占0.08%(1例);AEFI主要集中在2岁以下,占73.94%;男女性别比为1.31∶1;第1、4季度报告较少,第2、3季度报告较多;76.81%AEFI在接种后24 h内发生,临床表现以发热/红肿/硬结为主;一类疫苗AEFI发生率低于二类疫苗(χ^2=8.023,P<0.01);一类疫苗AEFI发生率较高的为麻风疫苗和流脑A群多糖疫苗,报告数最多的为无细胞百白破疫苗;二类疫苗AEFI报告发生率较高的为23价肺炎多糖疫苗(132.20/10万)、7价肺炎疫苗(83.51/10万)以及DTap-Hib联合疫苗(68.35/10万)。结论深圳市龙岗区疫苗使用整体安全性良好,但有必要加强医务人员业务培训,提高AEFI诊治和分类水平,同时落实信息化管理,以进一步提高监测敏感性。Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Adverse Events Following Immunization(AEFI) in Longgang District of Shenzhen City, evaluate the operation status of the AEFI surveillance system, safety of vaccines and quality of vaccination services. Methods The AEFI data reported in Longgang District from 2015-2017 were collected through the China National AEFI Information System. Epidemiological analysis was performed using descriptive method. Results A total of 1 324 cases of AEFI were reported in Longgang District from 2015-2017. The overall reporting rate was 24.60/100 000 doses, of which837 cases(63.22%) had general reactions, 423 cases(31.95%) had abnormal reactions, 63 cases(4.76%) had complications,and one case(0.08%) had psychotropic reactions. AEFI cases were mainly children under 2 years old, accounting for 73.94%.the ratio of male to female was 1.31 ∶ 1. There were fewer reports in the first and fourth quarters,and more reports in the second and third quarters. 76.81% of AEFI occurred within 24 hours after vaccination,with fever/swelling/induration as the main clinical manifestation. The incidence rate of AEFI caused by category I vaccines was lower than that of category Ⅱvaccines(χ^2=8.023, P<0.01). Among category I vaccines,the incidence rates of AEFI caused by leprosy vaccine and group A polysaccharide vaccine of meningococcal meningitis were the highest, and the number of reported cases caused by acellular DPT vaccine was the highest.Among categoryⅡvaccines, the incidence rates of AEFI caused by 23-valent pneumo polysaccharide vaccine(1 322.20/100 000),7-valent pneumonia vaccine(83.51/100 000) and DTap-Hib combined vaccine(68.35/100 000). Conclusion The overall safety of vaccine use in Longgang District is good, but it is necessary to further strengthen the professional training of medical staff,improve the level of AEFI diagnosis and treatment and classification,and implement information management to further improve the sensitivity of monitoring.

关 键 词：疑似预防接种异常反应 监测 疫苗 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]