白洋淀周边地下水浅埋区农田土壤硝态氮剖面分布规律研究  

Profile Distribution of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater Area Around Baiyangdian Lake

作　　者：王哲 夏辉[1] 袁浩 WANG Zhe;XIA Hui;YUAN Hao(School of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding 071000 ,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2019年第9期36-39,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：河北省科技重点应用基础研究项目(15963608D);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2015204205)

摘　　要：针对白洋淀周边农田土壤硝态氮含量直接影响该区域生态环境建设问题,对白洋淀周边地下水浅埋区冬小麦与夏玉米轮作农田0~2m土壤中的水分、硝态氮含量随土壤深度的变化开展试验研究,并对土壤中硝态氮的累积量进行计算。试验结果表明,农民传统种植模式下,土壤含水率变化相同,70cm土层处均达到峰值;土壤硝态氮含量变化具有差异性,冬小麦种植期间土壤硝态氮含量随土壤深度的增加而减小,夏玉米种植期间土壤硝态氮含量随土壤深度的增加呈"S"型变化,最后两者均稳定在5mg/kg左右;冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田土壤硝态氮累积表现为冬小麦累积少、夏玉米累积多,夏玉米种植期间硝态氮淋洗较为严重,尤其是施肥过量的情况,降雨与灌溉均将导致硝态氮向深层土壤淋溶,增加地下水污染的风险。因此,在该区域内合理施用氮肥对保护地下水环境,建设"绿色雄安"具有重要意义。The variation of soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen content with soil depth in 0-2 msoil of winter wheat and summer maize rotation farmland in shallow groundwater area around Baiyangdian Lake was studied,and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil was calculated.The results show that the change of soil moisture content is the same under the traditional farming mode,and reaches the peak value at 70 cm soil layer.The content of soil nitrate nitrogen varies with soil depth.During winter wheat planting,the content of soil nitrate nitrogen decreases with the increase of soil depth.During summer maize planting,the content of soil nitrate nitrogen varies with the increase of soil depth in a "S" pattern.Finally,both of them are stable at about 5 mg/kg.Nitrate accumulation in winter wheat-summer maize rotation farmland is characterized by less accumulation of winter wheat and more accumulation of summer maize.Nitrate leaching during summer maize planting is more serious,especially in the case of excessive fertilization.Rainfall and irrigation will lead to the leaching of nitrate nitrogen from soil to deep soil and increase the risk of groundwater pollution.Therefore,the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is of great significance to the protection of groundwater environment and the construction of " Green Xiongan".

关 键 词：硝态氮 冬小麦 夏玉米 地下水浅埋区 白洋淀 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] TV93[农业科学—农业基础科学]