硬金属粉尘致作业人员接触性皮炎的调查  

Investigation of contact dermatitis caused by hard metal dust

作　　者：薛宁 赵丽[1,3] 罗英男 刘洁 郭书含 闫永建 Xue Ning;Zhao Li;Luo Yingnan;Liu Jie;Guo Shuhan;Yan Yongjian(hool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Jinan 250022, China;Jinan Hospital, Jinan 250013, China;Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250100, China;Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学山东省医学科学院医学与生命科学学院,250022 [2]济南医院,250013 [3]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,济南250100 [4]河北省疾病预防控制中心,石家庄050024 [5]山东省中医药大学,济南250355

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2019年第8期589-592,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：济南市科技局项目(201704108);2018年度山东省保健科技协会科学技术项目(SDBJKT20180142).

摘　　要：目的调查硬质合金生产企业作业人员接触性皮炎的发病情况.方法于1997年10月至2017年10月,对某大型硬质合金生产企业进行现场职业流行病学调查,对职工进行职业健康检查,以152名接触硬金属粉尘(硬金属原料粉尘及合金粉尘)的在岗职工为接触组,同企业非粉尘作业的142名职工为对照组,对两组中有接触性皮炎病史的硬金属生产工人进行回顾性调查,分析接触硬金属粉尘致接触性皮炎发生的危险因素.结果接触组作业人员过敏性疾病发病率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=23.793,P<0.05);接触组接触性皮炎发病率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=24.659,P<0.05);接触组接触性皮炎的病情变化多以变应性接触性皮炎为主,部分出现刺激性接触性皮炎表现;作业人员有呼吸系统症状(包括与工作有关的鼻塞、咳嗽、喘息、呼吸困难)可能是接触性皮炎发生的影响因素(RR=2.60,95%CI:1.10~6.20,P<0.05).结论硬金属合金生产企业中接触硬金属粉尘的作业人员接触性皮炎发病率高,接触性皮炎的发生可能与有呼吸系统症状有关联.Objective To investigate the incidence of contact dermatitis among workers in cemented carbide production enterprises. Methods From October 1997 to October 2017, an occupational epidemiological survey was conducted on a large-scale cemented carbide production enterprise, and occupational health examinations were conducted for employees. 152 people were exposed to hard metal dust (hard metal raw material dust and alloy dust). The employees in the work group were contact groups, and 142 employees in the non-dusting operation of the company were in the control group. A detailed retrospective survey of hard metal production workers with contact dermatitis history in the two groups was conducted to analyze the risk factors of contact dermatitis exposure to hard metal dust. Results The incidence of allergic diseases in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ^2=23.793, P<0.05). The incidence of contact dermatitis in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ^2=24.659, P<0.05);the changes of contact dermatitis in the contact group were mainly allergic contact dermatitis, and some showed irritative contact dermatitis;the operator had respiratory symptoms (including work-related nasal congestion, cough, wheezing), difficulty breathing may be the influencing factors of contact dermatitis (RR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.10-6.20, P<0.05). Conclusion Hard metal alloy enterprises are exposed to hard metal dust. The incidence of contact dermatitis is high in workers, and the occurrence of contact dermatitis may be associated with those with respiratory symptoms.

关 键 词：钴 硬金属 硬质合金 皮炎 接触性 

分 类 号：R135.7[医药卫生—劳动卫生]