异形结构楼房纵向逐跨空中解体爆破拆除  

Blasting Demolition Technology of Longitudinal Collapse and Aerial Disintegration for Special-shaped Building

作　　者：刘昌邦 贾永胜[1,2,3] 黄小武 余伟成[1,2,3] 姚颖康 江国杰[1,2,3] LIU Chang-bang;JIA Yong-sheng;HUANG Xiao-wu;YU Wei-cheng;YAO Ying-kang;JIANG Guo-jie(Hubei (Wuhan) Explosions and Blasting Technology Institute of Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Wuhan 430056,China;Wuhan Explosions & Blasting Co Ltd,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉430056 [2]爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056 [3]武汉爆破有限公司,武汉430056

出　　处：《爆破》2019年第3期84-89,共6页Blasting

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2017-k5-005);武汉市创新人才开发资金资助项目

摘　　要：对比异形结构楼房单切口定向爆破拆除方法,"纵向逐跨、空中解体"爆破拆除技术为城市复杂环境下异形建筑物爆破拆除提供了新的设计思路。通过高速摄影观测,发现楼房的断裂区域主要位于结构刚度高低过渡的位置和邻近支撑区的一侧,剪切、拉伸、弯矩破坏对结构整体失稳垮塌具有重要的诱导作用。采用三维模型重建技术,全方位地分析了楼房的爆堆形态,发现爆堆堆积范围是楼房占地面积的1.24~1.42倍,楼房爆破效果近似于原地倒塌。根据塌落触地振动监测结果,结合楼房纵向逐跨塌落触地的特点,单次触地质量取总质量的1/5,塌落触地振动的预测值与实测值误差仅为8.96%。Compared with the demolition by single-incision directional blasting of special-shaped buildings,the blasting demolition technology of "longitudinal collapse and aerial disintegration" provides a new design idea for the blasting demolition of special-shaped buildings in complex urban environments.Through high-speed photography observations,we found the fault zone of the building was mainly located at the transition position of structural stiffness and the span of the adjacent support area.Shear failure,tensile failure and breaking bending moment have important inducing effects on the overall instability and collapse of the whole structure.The three-dimensional model reconstruction technology was adopted to analyze the muck pile in all directions.It showed that the muck pile accumulation range was 1.24 ~ 1.42 times of the building area,and the blasting effect of the building was similar to vertical collapsing blasting.According to the monitoring results of touchdown vibration,and combined with the characteristics of the longitudinal span-by-span blast,the single contact mass was 1/5 of the total mass,and the error between the predicted value and the measured value of collapsing vibration was only 8.96 %.

关 键 词：爆破拆除 空中解体 爆破效果 三维重建 触地振动 

分 类 号：TU746.5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]