湿帘风扇和喷淋联合降温系统对奶牛热应激的缓解效应研究  

The Relieving Effect of Wet-curtain Fan and Spray Combined Cooling System on Heat Stress of Cows

作　　者：沈青义 程李杰 罗正中 曹随忠[2] 沈留红[2] 余树民[2] 张廷青 SHEN Qingyi;CHENG Lijie;LUO Zhengzhong;CAO Suizhong;SHEN Liuhong;YU Shumin;ZHANG Tingqing(College of Applied Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lintao,Gansu 730500,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;GEA Process Engineering China Limited,Shanghai 201100)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学应用技术学院,临洮730500 [2]四川农业大学动物医学院,成都611130 [3]基伊埃工程技术(中国)有限公司,上海201100

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2019年第8期70-76,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：重庆市高等职业院校新技术推广项目(GZTG201610);四川省科技创新苗子工程(2017086)

摘　　要：为研究湿帘风扇、喷淋联合降温系统在南方地区夏季热应激期间的降温效果,于2017年7月至8月在浙江省嘉兴市东兴奶牛场进行湿帘、风扇和喷淋组合后共同使用对热应激缓解效应的研究。试验期间,每天6:00、9:00、12:00、15:00、18:00、21:00和0:00通过温湿度计采集牛舍内温湿度数据,通过当地气象局官网采集舍外温湿度数据,每日15:00在所有泌乳牛中随机挑选8头测量直肠温度,每日监测所有泌乳牛产奶数据,并从牛场获取往年产奶数据以供分析。结果显示,在使用湿帘及风扇加喷淋的降温系统后,舍内与外界温度相比,除夜间凌晨(00:00)外,在各个时间点都极显著降低(P<0.01),同时舍内湿度极显著大于舍外湿度(P<0.01);舍内最高温度较舍外最高温度极显著降低(P<0.01),舍内降温效果明显;舍内THI处于热应激范围内,但试验期间产奶量趋势平稳,并未出现持续性下降。THI与奶牛直肠温度呈极显著相关(P<0.01),但直肠温度显示奶牛无连续性热应激状态。因此,热应激期间使用湿帘联合降温系统降温效果明显,舍内温度显著降低,联合降温设备在投入与产出上具有正效益,但THI指标不适用于采用湿帘联合降温系统的奶牛场的热应激评估。To study the cooling effect during the summer heat stress in southern region,we studied the effect of wet-curtain,fan and spray combined cooling system on heat stress in Dongxing Dairy Farm in Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province.from July to August 2017.During the experiment,temperature and humidity data inside the barn were collected every day at 6 am,9 am,12 am,3 pm,6 pm,9 pm and 0 am through the temperature and humidity meter,outside temperature and humidity data were collected through the official website of local weather bureau.Eight lactation cows were randomly selected at 3 pm daily to measure their rectal temperature,and the milk production of all lactating cows were monitored daily,and then the milk production data in previous years from the dairy farm were acquired.The results showed that,after using wet-curtain with fan and spray,the temperature inside the barn was significantly reduced(P<0.01)compared with the outside temperature except at 0 am.The humidity inside the barn was significantly greater than that outside the barn(P<0.01);the highest temperature and humidity inside and outside exhibited extremely significant differences(P<0.01),and the cooling effect in the barn was significant;THI in the barn was within the range of heat stress,but during the trial,the average milk production was stable and there was no sustained decline.THI was significantly associated with rectal temperature in cows(P<0.01),but rectal temperature showed no continuous heat stress in dairy cows.The results show that cooling effect is obvious using wet-curtain,fan and spray cooling system during the heat stress,the temperature in the barn is significantly reduced,there are positive benefits in input and output,but THI is not suitable for the evaluation of heat stress in a farm which is using wet-curtain cooling system.

关 键 词：奶牛 热应激 湿帘 直肠温度 温湿度指数 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]