抚州市近59 a雷暴气候特征及影响系统分析  

Analysis of the climate characteristics and influence system of thunderstorms in Fuzhou in recent 59 years

作　　者：郑劲光 蔡小琴 ZHENG Jingguang;CAI Xiaoqin(Fuzhou Meteological Observatory of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou 344000)

机构地区：[1]江西省抚州市气象台

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2019年第4期386-392,共7页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：江西省气象局预报员专项(JXYBY201411);抚州市气象局重点项目(FZQX2018Z01)

摘　　要：利用1960-2018年抚州市11个气象站雷暴资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等方法,分析了抚州市雷暴的时空分布特征及变化趋势,并分析了雷暴天气与气象要素的关系及其主要影响系统。结果表明:抚州市雷暴空间分布不均,东多西少,南多北少;年均雷暴日数有70.5 d,总体呈下降趋势,平均以-4.46 d·(10 a)-1速度减少。雷暴主要发生在春、夏季,两季雷暴日数占全年雷暴总日数的86.6%,雷暴发生频次春季以4月最多,夏季以8月最多;雷暴发生时间存在明显的日变化,主要发生在13-20时。雷暴日数在1987年发生突变,存在3~6 a的短周期、13~15 a的年代际周期变化和21 a左右的低频振荡。抚州市雷暴的天气形势主要有锋面型、高空槽(切变线)型、副热带高压边缘型、东风波与台风倒槽型。Based on thunderstorm data from 11 meteorological observation stations in Fuzhou and NCEP reanalysis data during the period of1960-2018, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and variation trend of thunderstorms are analyzed by using linear trend,Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis. The relationship between thunderstorm and meteorological elements, thunderstorm weather condition and main influential systems are also analyzed. The results show that the spatial distribution of thunderstorms in Fuzhou is spatially uneven, with more thunderstorms in the east than in the west and more thunderstorms in the south than in the north. There are 70.5 days of regional thunderstorms annually, and the thunderstorms days was gradually decreasing in the past 59 years, with an average decreasing rate of-4.46 d·(10 a)-1 Thunderstorms mainly occur in spring and summer, with thunderstorm days in the two seasons accounting for 86.6% of the total thunderstorm days in the whole year. Most of thunderstorms occur in April during spring and in August during summer. The occurrence time of thunderstorms has an obvious diurnal variation. The thunderstorms mainly occur from 13:00 to 20:00. The thunderstorm days in Fuzhou changed abruptly in 1987, with a short period of 3-6 years, a decadal variation of 13-15 years and a low-frequency oscillation of about21 years. The weather condition of thunderstorms in Fuzhou mainly includes frontal type, upper trough(shear line), subtropical high edge,easterly wave and inverted trough type.

关 键 词：雷暴 小波分析 突变检验 影响系统 抚州 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]