油菜黑胫病及其防控措施综述  

Review of the blackleg disease of canola and management strategies

作　　者：杨永青 宋培玲[1] 郝丽芬 陈文贺 Alexander Idnurm 栗艳芳 赵吉 李子钦[1] 张宝辉 YANG Yongqing;SONG Peiling;HAO Lifen;CHEN Wenhe;Alexander Idnurm;LI Yanfang;ZHAO Ji;LI Ziqin;ZHANG Baohui(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Hulun Buir Centre for Quality and Safety of Agricultural and Livestock Products,Hailar 021008,China;The University of Melbourne,Melbourne VIC3010,Australia;Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Group Tenihe Farm and Pasture, Tenihe 021024,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]呼伦贝尔市农畜产品质量安全中心,内蒙古海拉尔021008 [4]墨尔本大学,澳大利亚墨尔本VIC3010 [5]呼伦贝尔农垦集团特泥河农牧场,内蒙古特泥河021024

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2019年第4期73-80,共8页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2017QNJJNO4);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200900)

摘　　要：油菜黑胫病是世界范围内广泛流行的真菌病害,由病原菌强毒型Leptosphaeria maculans和弱毒型Leptosphaeria biglobosa单独侵染或复合侵染引起,威胁着油菜籽的产量、品质,同时影响着世界油菜籽贸易。L. maculans曾造成加拿大、澳大利亚油菜的严重减产,目前暂未在我国发现,属于检疫性病原菌。每年我国进口的油菜籽主要来自L. maculans流行的地区,如澳大利亚、加拿大和乌克兰。L. maculans随油菜籽贸易传入我国的风险极高,加之我国目前的栽培品种对其的抗性水平较低,因此有必要对黑胫病及其病原菌进行更深入的了解。文章综述了油菜黑胫病的病原菌、分布及入侵、造成的影响以及澳大利亚和加拿大采用的防治措施,旨在增加对L. maculans更多的知识储备和更全面的认识,为我国L. maculans的预警及今后的防控提供理论基础。Blackleg,caused by Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa,is the most severe disease of canola worldwide,which threatens the canola production,the seed quality,and even the canola international market.Historically,the disease destroyed the canola industry in Australia and Canada,but L. maculans has not been reported in China up to date.However,massive amount of canola seeds is annually imported from Australia,Canada,and Ukraine,etc.,where L. maculans is the major pathogen.Further more,many Chinese canola cultivars are highly susceptible to L. maculans.It raises concerns that L. maculans has a high invasion risk and could result in considerable damage to the Chinese canola industry,although strict quarantine measures are employed to prevent it from spreading into China.In this review,the following is discussed including pathogens of blackleg,epidemiology,damage and management strategies in Australia and Canada,which aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of L. maculans for canola growers in China with a view to establish a guideline of strategies to control the blackleg disease.

关 键 词：油菜黑胫病 LEPTOSPHAERIA maculans LEPTOSPHAERIA biglobosa 防控措施 

分 类 号：S435.654[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]