上海市在校中学生心理健康状况调查及家庭环境的影响因素  

Investigation on the current status and family related risk factors for mental health of middle school students in Shanghai

作　　者：刘文敬[1] 尤美娜[1] 张芳[1] 程文红[1] 肖泽萍[1] LIU Wen-jing;YOU Mei-na;ZHANG Fang;CHENG Wen-hong;XIAO Ze-ping(Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200030 ,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2019年第9期945-948,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：上海市高端儿科海外研修团队建设专项规划(GDEK201702);上海市教委项目(HJTY2012-A06)

摘　　要：目的研究上海市在校中学生的心理健康状况以及家庭相关影响因素,为心理健康干预措施提供指导。方法于2011年12月采取分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取上海市7个区34个中学125个班级4 536名在校中学生进行调查。使用学生版长处与困难问卷(SDQ)以及自编儿童青少年家庭环境问卷采集信息,分析心理健康状况,采用二元Logistic回归分析探索家庭因素与心理健康状况的关系。结果共收回问卷4 536份,其中有效问卷3 615份,有效率为79.7%。中学生总体心理问题异常检出率为9.1%,临界为11.0%。经常存在母子冲突和父子冲突的学生总体心理困难得分显著高于亲子关系和谐和一般的学生(P<0.05)。家庭因素中经常不和的父母关系(OR=1.351,95%CI:1.015~1.799,P=0.039)、母子冲突(OR=1.584,95%CI:1.133~2.216,P=0.007)和父子冲突(OR=1.461,95%CI:1.030~2.073,P=0.034)是影响中学生心理健康最重要的因素。结论上海市在校中学生心理健康问题发生率与国际水平基本一致,父子冲突和母子冲突均是影响心理健康的重要因素,提示改善亲子冲突对维系中学生的心理健康水平很重要。Objective To explore the mental health of middle school students in Shanghai and family-related factors,so as to provide guidance for mental health interventions. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 4 536 students from 125 classes in 34 middle schools from 7 districts in Shanghai in December 2011. Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ)-Student edition and self-designed children and adolescents family environment questionnaire were adopted to collect data on mental health of middle school students. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family factors and mental health status. Results A total of 4 536 questionnaires were issued, of which 3 615 were valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 79. 7%. The overall rate of abnormal psychological problems of middle school students was 9. 1%,and the bordline rate was 11. 0%. The total SDQ scores of students who often had mother-child conflicts and father-child conflicts were significantly higher than those of children with harmonious and general parent-child relationship(P<0. 05). Logistic analysis showed that father-mother relationship(OR= 1. 351,95 %CI: 1.015 - 1.799,P = 0.039),frequent mother-child conflict(OR = 1.584,95% CI:1.133-2.216, P = 0.007)and father-child conflict (OR= 1.461,95% CI:1.030-2.073, P = 0. 034) in family factors were important factors affecting the mental health of middle school students. Conclusions The prevalence of mental health problems among middle school students in Shanghai is consistent with the international level. Frequent parent-child conflict and mother-child conflict are the important factors affecting middle school students' mental health, suggesting that improving parent-child conflict is crucial for maintaining students' mental health.

关 键 词：长处与困难问卷 中学生 心理问题 亲子关系 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学]