夏秋季黑叶小白菜优化配方施肥初探  

Primary study on optimization fertilization formula of pakchoi in summer and autumn in Hainan province

作　　者：杜公福[1] 吕延超 韩旭[1] 李晓亮[1] 戚志强[1] 杨衍[1] DU Gongfu;LV Yanchao;HAN Xu;LI Xiaoliang;QI Zhiqiang;YANG Yan(Tropical Crops Genetic Resourves Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan,China;Hainan Xin Fa Di Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737 [2]海南新发地现代农业发展有限公司,海口570100

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第9期45-49,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2017001);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630032017029,1630092019022)

摘　　要：为了海南夏秋季黑叶小白菜生产科学合理施肥,开展测土配方"3414"试验,进行氮、磷、钾肥料效应及施肥参数确定的研究。结果表明,(1)N、P2O5、K2O每667 m^2最佳施用量分别为11.28、1.53、7.76 kg,肥料施用比例为1∶0.14∶0.69(;2)供试土壤中有效养分含量丰缺对黑叶小白菜产量影响程度为N高等级、K中等级、P低等级(;3)分别添加羊粪有机肥、硼肥和铁肥对配方肥N15P5K10进行优化,每667 m^2产量均高于配方肥处理,分别为(1 213.19±11.23)、(1 130.19±28.25)、(1 134.64±28.51)和(1 074.98±31.31)kg,同时可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量显著提高,亚硝酸盐含量均降低。研究发现,配方肥N15P5K10(7.5 kg-2.5 kg-5 kg)与羊粪有机肥(150 kg·667 m^-2)混施,可以增加黑叶小白菜产量,提高品质。In order to understand the rational fertilization of pakchoi in summer and autumn in Hainan province, the soil test formula"3414"test was conducted,the fertilization parameters of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied.The results showed that the optimum fertilizing quantity of N, P2O5 and K2O were 11.28 kg, 1.53 kg and 7.76 kg per 667 m^2,and the fertilizer application ratio was 1∶0.14∶0.69. The degree of the effect of N, K and P content in the tested soil on the yield of pakchoi were respectively high grade, medium grade and low grade. Adding sheep manure organic fertilizer,boron fertilizer and iron fertilizer to optimize the formula fertilizer N15P5K10, the yields of those were higher than that of the formula fertilizer treatment, which were respectively( 1 213.19±11.23),( 1 130.19±28.25),( 1 134.64±28.51)and(1 074.98±31.31)kg per 667 m^2 and the soluble protein contents and soluble sugar contents of these were significantly increased, while the nitrite contents were decreased. It was found that formula fertilizer N15 P5 K10(7.5 kg-2.5 kg-5 kg)mixed with sheep organic fertilizer(150 kg per 667 m^2)could increase the yield of pakchoi and improve the quality.

关 键 词：黑叶小白菜 “3414”配方施肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]