大白菜杂种优势分析  

Analysis of heterosis of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：原让花[1] 原静云 王晓玲[1] 肖艳[1] 刘学圣[1] 原连庄[1] YUAN Ranghua;YUAN Jingyun;WANG Xiaoling;XIAO Yan;LIU Xuesheng;YUAN Lianzhuang(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;Xinke Seed Industry, Limited Company of Henan Jiushenghe,Xinxiang 453000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453003 [2]河南九圣禾新科种业有限公司,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第9期54-57,共4页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(172102110119);河南省大宗蔬菜产业体系遗传育种岗位专家项目(S2010-03-06)

摘　　要：利用杂种优势,可以有效提高作物产量、改良作物品质、增强抗性和选育新品种。本试验以自育的1个大白菜优良自交系为母本,采用顶交法组配13个杂交组合,并对13个组合的超中优势、超亲优势以及产量的超标优势进行了分析。结果表明:各性状杂种优势明显不同、差异明显,其中农艺性状的中亲优势在4.18%~22.81%之间,超亲优势在-4.08%~15.45%之间;产量性状中亲优势在32.83%~62.46%之间,超亲优势在8.59%~42.85%之间;品质性状中亲优势在2.44%~59.13%之间,超亲优势在-8.97%~37.62%之间。综合13个组合的产量性状和品质性状杂种优势,无一个组合在各方面均达到全优,但通过杂种优势分析还是能选育出具有较高产量、较高品质以及其他较高优势的杂交新品种,其中1号即‘新科小包26’不论是在产量性状和品质性状中较其他组合更具有杂种优势。Heterosis can effectively improve crop yield and quality, enhance resistance and breed new varieties. In this experiment,13 combinations of Chinese cabbage were crossed by 1 excellent female parent and 13 male parents. The super-middle advantage and super-parent advantage of these 13 combinations were analyzed. The results showed that the heterosis of each agricultural traits was obviously different, and the middle parent advantage of agronomic traits range was from 4.18% to 22.81%,and the range of super-parent advantage was from-4.08 to 15.45. The mid-parent advantage of yield traits range was from 32.83% to 62.46% and the super-parent advantage range was from 8.59% to 42.85%. The mid-parent advantage of quality traits was in the range of 2.44% to 59.13% and the super-parent advantage was in the range of-8.97% to 37.62%. In summary, none of these 13 combinations could achieve total excellent in all aspects.However, the new hybrids with higher yield, higher quality and higher heterosis could be selected,‘Xinke xiaobao 26'exhibited more superior to other combinations on yield and quality.

关 键 词：大白菜 杂种优势 新品种选育 超亲优势 中亲优势 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]