蒋介石“越级指挥”再诠释——兼论抗战时期国民党军中的内在逻辑  

Chiang Kai-shek’s Command over Echelon and the Nationalist Army’s Internal Logic during the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：陈默 CHEN Mo

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,610065

出　　处：《史林》2019年第4期186-196,221,共12页Historical Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(YJ201749)资助阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：抗战时期,蒋介石常常超越正常的指挥体系,通过往来电话、密电、手令等方式指挥前方的部队,此种“越级指挥”的风格多为时人诟病,也被后世史家批评。然而国民党军表面层级明晰、整齐划一的军队系统内部,多个军事集团长期并存林立,迫使国民党军的作战指挥和日常运行不得不遵循另一套逻辑,蒋介石的越级指挥便是此种内在逻辑在军令方面的体现。蒋介石在越级指挥中,多倾向于一面怀柔各地方军事集团的领袖,一面抑制其嫡系将领以避免派系龃龉,在当时发挥了相当作用,一定程度上满足了蒋介石指挥部队作战的需要,同时维护了国民党军队总体的团结。越级指挥既是战时国民党军组织形态的产物,又反映了抗战时期中央与地方之间发生的权势转移。Regardless of the Nationalist Army’s regular commanding system,Chiang Kai-shek used to make telephone calls,send cipher telegrams,and give personal orders to the troops at the frontline during the Antil- Japanese War. In the wartime an integrated framework had been established in the Nationalist Army, while it remained consisting of many military groups from various regions. Thus the Nationalist Army had to be run in accordance with a special internal logic. Chiang’s command over echelon might prove to be an outcome of it. By transmitting messages to the field commanders directly,Chiang tried to meet the needs of different military groups and held back his own generals’resentment. Chiang’s command over echelon could be considered as a characteristic of the power relation in the Nationalist Army,as well as the result of the power shift between the central government and the regional authorities.

关 键 词：蒋介石 抗战 国民党军 越级指挥 

分 类 号：K265.21[历史地理—历史学]