2019年欧洲议会选举及其影响——基于“次等选举”“欧洲议题”和民粹政党三重视角的分析  

The 2019 European Elections and Its Impacts——An Analysis Based on the Triple-perspectives of Second-order Elections,European Issues and Populist Parties

作　　者：张磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2019年第4期88-110,共23页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：2019年5月,第九次欧洲选举在28个欧盟成员国举行。从党团格局看,传统中左翼和中右翼政党的议席继续缩减,绿党党团和中间派的自由民主党党团力量有所上升,民粹政党尤其是右翼民粹力量在欧洲议会获得了更多的议席。欧洲议会党团格局更加“碎片化”,大党团和小党团之间的差距有所缩小。从“次等选举”“欧洲议题”以及民粹政党的影响等传统研究视角观察此次欧洲议会选举可以发现,选民投票率首次止跌,“次等选举”的标签在一定意义上需要修正;欧洲因素逐渐凸显,围绕欧洲议题的讨论更加广泛,泛欧政党获得议席;民粹政党和疑欧政党力量的上升有助于欧洲议会选举的欧洲化,碎片化的党团格局在一定意义上有利于欧盟代议制民主的发展。虽然欧洲议会中支持一体化的力量仍然占据多数,但未来欧盟政策的不确定性将会增加。新一届欧盟委员会主席并非欧洲政党在选举前提出的“热门人选”,但其当选过程并未违背欧盟的民主合法性。After the 2019 European elections,the seats of the traditional left-wing and right-wing parties have continued to shrink,while the strength of the Greens and the liberal-centrists has increased. The populist parties,especially the right-wing,have gained more seats. The structure of the European Parliament’s political groups has become more fragmented and the gap between the big and small groups narrowed. Based on the traditional research perspectives such as the"second-order elections","European issue"and the influence of populist parties,this paper finds out that there has been a reversal of the declining trend of the turnout in European elections for the first time and the label of "second-order elections"thus needs to be amended in a sense. Secondly,the European factors have become prominent and discussions around the European issues more extensive,with the pan-European party having gained seats. Thirdly,the rise of populist parties and Eurosceptic parties contributes to the Europeanization of the 2019 European elections,and the fragmented party structure is conducive to the development of the representative democracy in the European Union. Despite the majority that the forces supporting the European integration occupy in the European Parliament,there is an increased uncertainty for the EU’s future policy.

关 键 词：欧洲议会选举 “次等选举” “欧洲议题” 民粹政党 民主合法性 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系] D75[政治法律—政治学]