喀斯特山区河流水环境容量核算与污染控制的单元化研究——以清水江流域鱼梁江河段为例  

Unitized Research on Calculation of Water Environmental Capacity and Pollution Prevention in Karst Mountain River——Case for Yuliangjiang River of Qingshuijiang River Basin

作　　者：吴贻创 何守阳[1,2] 杨应增 吴攀[1,2] 韩志伟[1,2] 吴起鑫[1,2] WU Yi chuang;HE Shou yang;YANG Ying zeng;WU Pan;HAN Zhi wei;WU Qi xin(Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard of Ministry of Natural Resources,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550003,China;College of Resources Environmental Engineering Guizhou University,Guiyang 550003,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学自然资源部喀斯特环境与地质灾害重点实验室,贵阳550003 [2]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2019年第9期111-120,共10页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41763019);喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442);贵州省自然科学重点基金项目(黔科合JZ字﹝2014﹞2006号)

摘　　要：以喀斯特山区清水江流域鱼梁江河段为研究对象,在查明地下水排泄与河流环境容量及其水质之间关系的基础上,采用Daniel趋势检验法和水量—水质同步估测模型等分析了流域水质变化及其污染负荷和核算了多水文情势下的水环境容量等。结果表明,流域污染负荷为:氨氮(NH-3-N)312.85t/a,总磷(TP)274.91t/a,氟化物(F^-)311.82t/a,主要为城镇生活和工业污染排放且具明显空间分布特征。控制单元Ⅰ的F-浓度显著下降,水环境容量未超载;控制单元Ⅱ和Ⅲ的TP、F^-和NH-3-N浓度均显著下降,前者水环境容量均超载,后者TP为过载状态;控制单元Ⅳ主要污染物浓度无明显升降趋势,但TP和F-出现超载,TP严重超载为枯竭状态;控制单元Ⅴ的TP和F^-浓度显著下降,水环境容量均为超载状态,亟待实施NH-3-N、TP和F^-污染物总量控制和精准削减措施。In this project, Yuliangjiang River section in Qingshuijiang River Basin is investigated in karst mountain areas. Based on the identification of relationship between groundwater discharge and river water environmental capacity (WEC)and its water quality, the water quality trend and pollution load is analyzed with Daniel trend analytical method and synchronized estimation model of water quantity and quality. And the WEC is calculated in multi-hydrological situation. The results show that the pollution load of ammonia nitrogen(NH-3-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F^-) is 312.85, 274.91 and 311.82 t/a in the basin, respectively. These pollutants originate mainly from industrial and urban sewage and characterized by obvious spatial distribution. In control Unit Ⅰ, the concentrations of fluoride had a significant decrease, the WEC of the main pollutants was not overloaded. In control Units Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the concentrations of TP, F^- and NH-3-N, had a considerable decrease, the former's WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, the latter's WEC of TP was overloaded. In control Unit Ⅳ, the concentrations of the main pollutants had not a remarkable increase or decrease, but the WEC of TP and F- were overloaded, and WEC overload of TP was exhausted. In control Unit Ⅴ, the concentrations of TP and F^- had a remarkable decrease,the WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, these five control units need to be implemented for total pollutant control including NH-3-N, TP as well as F^-, and accurate reduction measures.

关 键 词：水环境容量 水量-水质同步估量模型 多水文情势 喀斯特河流 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]