费孝通先生对中国民族构成复杂性的反思及其当代意义  

Fei Xiaotong’s 费孝通 Reflective Thinking about the Complexity of China’s Ethnic Configuration and its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：华涛 Hua Tao

机构地区：[1]南京大学民族与边疆研究中心

出　　处：《民族研究》2019年第3期18-27,138,139,共12页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：《中华民族的多元一体格局》是费孝通先生在改革开放复出后对自己的民族研究进行总体性反思的基础上完成的。自20世纪30年代开始到改革开放大致50年的时间里,费先生的民族研究涉及两大重要事件,即20世纪30年代末的“中华民族是一个”论争和20世纪50年代的民族识别工作。费先生自己后来对其内在联系和意义的分析让我们认识到,这两大事件其实体现了辛亥革命后中国社会在民族问题上面对的大课题,即如何在学理上认识中国民族构成状况的复杂性,并在政治上制订出符合中国实际的民族政策。费先生不仅通过对“中华民族是一个”争论以及民族识别、民族形成和民族本质的反思,凝练出“中华民族多元一体格局”的学说,而且在该学说提出后继续“再反思”。虽然他对“什么是形成一个民族的凝聚力”这一带根本性的问题没有给出确切的回答,但他对通过“美美与共”和相互容纳而产生凝聚力,并进而实现民族间和国家间“和而不同”的和平共处、共存共荣的反复强调,不仅有助于更加深刻理解“多元一体”理论对“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”的意义,而且为当下民族研究的深入和民族政策的制订提供了思路。Professor Fei Xiaotong published his book The Pattern of Chinese Nationalities’ Pluralistic Unity as the result of his overall reflective thinking after the Reform and Opening in China on his previous ethnic studies since he entered the academic field of anthropology in the 1930s. In almost 50 years between the 1930s and the 1980s,Fei engaged in two important events in the field,which were the debates about the idea of “中华民族是一个” advocated by Mr. Gu Jiegang 顾颉刚 in the Anti-Japanese War time and the ethnic identification of ethnic minority groups in the 1950s’ China. We argue that,in his explanation of the internal connection between those two events,Fei hoped to indicate that China always faces a big question concerning “minzu” issue in the country,that is,how to understand academically the complexity of China’s ethnic configuration and adopt a suitable governance policy on ethnic issues. Through the reflective thinking,Fei formulated his theory of pluralistic unity in the configuration of Chinese Nation. Although he did not give a conclusive clear answer to the question what is the cohesive power in the ethnic formation,he really indicated and emphasized that “meimeiyugong”美美与共(to respect and treasure other’s cultures and values) reciprocally and to enclose Others will result in emerge of cohesive power as well as peaceful existence of nations and states around the world. His idea will not only help to improve understanding of call to the identity of Chinese Nation,but also help us in contemporary policy-making.

关 键 词：多元一体 民族构成 民族形成 民族本质 认同 凝聚力 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学]