食物和温湿度对二点委夜蛾幼虫取食和为害玉米苗的影响  

Effects of food, temperature and humidity on feeding of Athetis lepigone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae and their injury to maize seedlings

作　　者：杨云鹤[1] 张海剑[1] 石洁[1] 刘树森 郭宁[1] YANG Yun-He;ZHANG Hai-Jian;SHI Jie;LIU Shu-Sen;GUO Ning(Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2019年第9期1065-1071,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02)

摘　　要：【目的】调查显示,二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone在田间的虫口密度与玉米被害率之间无明显的相关性,田间虫口密度并不能准确预测玉米苗被害率。为了探索二点委夜蛾幼虫发生量与玉米苗被害程度之间的关系,解释田间调查遇到的幼虫即使有时大量发生玉米苗却受损轻微的现象,本研究室内检测了外部环境条件如温度和湿度对二点委夜蛾幼虫取食为害玉米的影响以及昆虫自身的相关取食习性。【方法】将3龄末、4龄初二点委夜蛾幼虫分别置于下述8种温湿度和食物组合条件下进行处理:低温低湿无食物(15℃, 30%RH,饥饿)、低温干燥无食物(15℃, 0%RH,饥饿)、低温低湿有食物[15℃, 30%RH,饲喂人工饲料(AD)]、低温干燥有食物(15℃, 0%RH, AD)、高温高湿有食物(36℃, 90%RH, AD)、高温干燥有食物(36℃, 0%RH, AD)、高温高湿无食物(36℃, 90%RH,饥饿)、高温干燥无食物(36℃, 0%RH,饥饿);处理4 h后,评价其对盆栽玉米苗的为害程度,并测定幼虫在4个不同温度(15℃, 24℃, 28℃和33℃)下对玉米叶片的取食量。分别用8种食物(马齿苋、紫苏、甘薯、白菜、大豆、南瓜和玉米叶叶片以及麦秸)将初孵幼虫驯化饲喂至3龄后,检测经过驯化处理后的幼虫对初始驯化食物、麦秸和和玉米叶片的选择性。【结果】在干燥条件下,无论是否经过饥饿处理,幼虫对玉米苗的为害程度均较高,尤其是高温干燥处理后,对玉米苗的平均为害级别达3.1级;低温干燥处理组和高温干燥处理组为害级别在4级以上(含4级)的幼苗数分别占幼苗总数的50%和40%。在15-33℃,二点委夜蛾幼虫的取食量随温度的升高而逐渐增加,48 h校正取食量分别为12.8, 31.8, 38.0和60.0 mg。用甘薯、白菜、大豆和南瓜叶片驯化的幼虫对初始驯化食物的选择率显著高于对玉米和麦秸的选择率;初始取食紫苏叶片的幼虫对紫苏和麦秸的选择率显著高于对玉米�【Aim】 Surveyes showed that there was no correlation between the population density of Athetis lepigone larvae and the damage rate of maize seedlings, and the damage rate of maize seedlings cannot be accurately predicted according to the number of larvae in the field. In this study, the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity on the feeding and damage of A. lepigone to corn and the feeding habits of this insect were investigated in the laboratory in order to explore the relationship between the number of A. lepigone larvae and their injury to maize seedlings and to explain the phenomena encountered in the field investigations that maize seedlings are slightly damaged even though its larvae occur in large numbers.【Methods】 The damage degrees of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of A. lepigone to maize seedlings were evaluated after the larvae were subjected to the following eight treatment combinations of temperature, humidity and food, respectively, for 4 h: 15℃, 30% RH and starvation(no food supplied);15℃, 0% RH and starvation;15℃, 30% RH and fed with artificial diet(AD);15℃, 0% RH and AD;36℃, 90% RH and AD;36℃, 0%RH and AD;36℃, 90%RH and starvation;and 36℃, 0% RH and starvation. The food consumption of larvae on maize leaves at four different temperatures(15℃, 24℃, 28℃ and 33℃) was measured. The newly hatched larvae were domesticated by feeding on eight kinds of food(leaves of purslane, purple perilla, sweet potato, Chinese cabbage, soybean, pumpkin and maize, and wheat straws), respectively, till the 3 rd instar, then the feeding preference of the domesticated larvae to the initial food for domestication, wheat straw and maize leaves was assayed.【Results】 The damage grades of A. lepigone larvae under drought conditions were higher whether they had experienced starvation or not;especially in the high temperature and desiccation treatment group, the average damage grade of larvae to maize seedlings reached 3.1. The percentages of injured seedlings wit

关 键 词：二点委夜蛾 干燥 温度 取食量 取食选择性 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]