粮食供应危机与苏联剧变——以内、外因素对苏联剧变的影响为视角  

The Crisis of Food Supply and the Collapse of the Soviet Union——From the Perspective of the Impact of Internal and External Factors on the Dramatic Changes of the Soviet Union

作　　者：黄立茀[1] HUANG Li-fu(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《安徽史学》2019年第5期121-133,共13页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：本文遵循马克思辩证唯物主义原理,以苏联粮食供应危机对苏联剧变的影响为视角,对与此相关联的内、外因素苏联剧变有复杂的内、外因素,由于篇幅有限,本文仅探讨与粮食危机有关的最重要的内部因素与外部因素。在苏联剧变中的作用进行综合考察。本文认为,中央高度集中计划管理经济体制的弊端、重工业优先经济发展战略的失误、进口替代对外经济战略的偏差、急于向共产主义过渡纲领宣传与现实的巨大差距,是苏联粮食危机与信仰危机生发,苏联剧变的根本原因;国际市场行情震荡的外部因素,是苏联剧变不可或缺的条件。在史学实证基础上,本文探讨了史学认识与史学研究方法两个方面的启示。On the principle of Marx’s dialectical materialism,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the role of the internal and external factors on thedramatic changes of the Soviet Union from theperspective of the impact of the food supply crisis.The problem that the disadvantage of highly centralize planning and management economy system,the failure of the strategy of priority on heavy industry,the deviation of import substitution for foreign economy,and the huge gap between the propaganda of the program of transition to communism and the reality is accounted as the root causes of the food crisis and belief crisis,and the drastic changes in the Soviet Union.The external factors of fluctuation of international market are the indispensable conditions for the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union.On the basis of historical evidence,this paper explores the enlightenment from two respects on historical knowledge and research methods.

关 键 词：粮食供应危机 重工业优先 信仰危机 苏联剧变 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学]