风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率测试方法与应用  

Application of Test Method for Dust Suppression Efficiency of Wind Erosion Dust Suppressant

作　　者：秦建平[1] 李贝贝 杨涛[1] 宋博 黄玉虎[1] 张春来[3] QIN Jian-ping;LI Bei-bei;YANG Tao;SONG Bo;HUANG Yu-hu;ZHANG Chun-lai(National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Ministry of Education Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [3]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第9期3935-3941,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG0208);北京市环境保护科学研究院基金项目(2017-B-04)

摘　　要：风蚀扬尘抑尘剂是一种控制风蚀扬尘的有效措施,探讨使用便携式风洞(PI-SWERL)测试风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率的方法,并对比国内外2种抑尘剂对风蚀扬尘PM2.5的抑制效率,以研究喷洒方式、稀释倍数和风速对抑尘效率的影响.结果表明:①按照推荐的稀释倍数分别配置G和Enviroseal(ES)抑尘剂水溶液并测试,液滴喷洒方式对应的抑尘效率优于雾化喷洒方式,在17.2m·s^-1(相当于8级风)风速时G抑尘剂效率(99.5%)优于ES抑尘剂(94.0%)和水(77.5%);②对稀释倍数为50、100、150、200和400倍的G抑尘剂进行测试,在17.2m·s^-1风速时,抑尘效率分别为99.7%、99.5%、99.7%、98.1%和95.9%,可根据抑尘效率变化拐点确定抑尘剂最佳成本效益稀释倍数;在13.1~17.2m·s^-1风速范围内,抑尘效率随风速增加而增加.③使用便携式风洞测试风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率的方法,可以量化抑尘剂对风蚀扬尘PM2.5的抑制效率,建议对风蚀扬尘抑尘剂开展抑尘有效期和环境友好性测试.Wind erosion dust suppressant is an effective measure for controlling wind erosion dust.This study used the Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) to evaluate the efficiency of domestic and foreign dust suppressants and to compare their control efficiency of PM2.5 in terms of spraying methods,dilution factors,and wind speed.The following results were noted.① According to the recommended dilution factor,G and Enviroseal (ES) dust suppressant solutions were treated and tested,respectively.The control efficiency of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) corresponding to the droplet spraying method was better than the atomized spraying method;the G dust suppressant efficiency,at 99.5%,was better than ES and water,at 94.0% and 77.5%, respectively,at 17.2 m·s^-1,which is equivalent to grade 8 wind.② The G dust suppressant with dilution factors of 50,100,150, 200,and 400 times was tested.The dust suppression efficiency at a wind speed of 17.2 m·s-1 was 99.7%,99.5%,99.7%, 98.1%,and 95.9%,respectively.The best cost-effective dilution factor of G dust suppressant was 150 times.The efficiency of dust suppressants increased when the wind speed increased between 13.1 m·s^-1 and 17.2 m·s^-1.③ The method of using PI-SWERL to test the efficiency of wind erosion dust suppressant can quantify the suppression efficiency of dust suppressant on PM2.5.It is recommended to conduct dust suppression during effective periods and to practice environmentally friendly methods of wind erosion dust suppression.

关 键 词：风蚀扬尘抑尘剂 风蚀扬尘 PM2.5抑制效率 便携式风洞(PI-SWERL) 极大风速 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]