不同碳氮磷源改良剂对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被与土壤性质的影响  

Effects of Amendments with Different C/N/P Ratios on Plant and Soil Properties of a Pb-Zn Mine Tailings

作　　者：杨胜香 李凤梅[2] 彭禧柱[2] 曹建兵 高智席 YANG Sheng-xiang;LI Feng-mei;PENG Xi-zhu;CAO Jian-bing;GAO Zhi-xi(Key Laboratory of Soil Resources and Environment in Qianbei of Guizhou Province,College of Resources and Environment,Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi 563006,China;College of Biology and Environmental Science,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;Xiangxi Environmental Protection Bureau,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院资源与环境学院,贵州省黔北土壤资源与环境特色重点实验室,遵义563006 [2]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,吉首416000 [3]湘西州环境保护局,吉首416000

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第9期4253-4261,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41561076);贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合基础[2019]1322);贵州省教育厅科技拔尖人才计划项目(黔教合KY字[2018]065);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2016]047);贵州省黔北土壤资源与环境特色重点实验室开放项目(黔教合KY字[2017]010);遵义师范学院博士启动基金项目(遵师BS[2017]13)

摘　　要：开展野外田间试验,在铅锌尾矿废弃地上添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂进行植被重建,从植物生长、营养元素、土壤酶活性、尾矿及植物重金属含量等方面研究其对铅锌尾矿废弃地的改良效果.结果表明:①添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂促进了植物在尾矿上定居和生长,植被盖度从6个月的2.0%~20.0%增长到30个月的62.5%~98.5%;生物量从6个月的9.4~115g·m^-2增长到30个月的389.0~2358.3g·m^-2.②添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂增加了尾矿营养元素含量(有机碳、水溶性碳、硝态氮和有效磷分别增加了6.0%~93.3%、1.3%~49.3%、12.3%~214.7%和2.7%~81.3%)和提高了土壤酶活性(脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了0.3~2.8、0.1~1.4、0.1~0.6和0.1~0.5倍).③添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂不同程度地降低了尾矿中重金属有效态含量(DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Cu、DTPA-Pb和DTPA-Zn分别下降了2.5%~40.2%、1.4%~25.6%、1.4%~15.2%和0.4%~24.9%)和植物体内重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn分别下降了12.1%~58.7%、6.4%~46.0%、20.2%~68.0%和11.7%~58.1%)含量.④Pearson相关性分析表明,植被盖度、生物量与尾矿营养元素和土壤酶活性呈显著正相关,与尾矿重金属有效态含量呈显著负相关;植物地上部分重金属含量与尾矿重金属有效态含量、营养元素和土壤酶活性相关性不明显.综合分析表明,碳氮磷源改良剂是铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复良好的改良材料.A field trial was conducted with abandoned Pb-Zn mine tailings to evaluate the effectiveness of amendments with different C/ N/P ratios on plant growth,soil nutrients and enzyme activities,and heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues and the mine tailings. The following results were noted.① The application of amendments with different C/N/P ratios promoted plant growth and development.The vegetation cover and biomass increased from 2.0%-20.0% and 9.4-115 g·m^-2 at 6 months to 62.5%-98.5% and 389-2 358.3 g·m^-2 at 30 months,respectively.②When compared with the control tailings,the mean values of organic carbon,water organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen,and available phosphorus in the treatments with different C/N/P ratios increased 6.0%-93.3%, 1.3%-49.3%,12.3%-214.7%,and 2.7%-81.3%,respectively.Similarly,the addition of amendments with different C/N/P ratios enhanced the soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,urease,and phosphatase 0.3-2.8,0.1-1.4,0.1-0.6, and 0.1-0.5 times those in the tailings.③The addition of amendments with different C/N/P ratios decreased the concentrations of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA)-extracted Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn in the mine tailings and the accumulation of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn in plant tissues in different degrees.DTPA-Cd,DTPA-Cu,DTPA-Pb,and DTPA-Zn decreased 2.5%-40.2%,1.4%-25.6%, 1.4%-15.2%,and 0.4%-24.9%,respectively,compared with the control tailings.④Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the vegetation cover and biomass were correlated positively with the soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities and negatively with DTPA-extractable metal concentrations.No correlations were observed between the plant metal concentrations and soil DTPAextractable metal concentrations,nutrient elements,and enzyme activities.Generally,amendments with different C/N/P ratios aided phytostabilization of some types of mine tailings is the preferred option for full remediation of these mine wastelands.

关 键 词：铅锌尾矿 碳氮磷源改良剂 基质改良 植物生长 土壤性质 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]