海洋主航道对全球集装箱运输网络的影响分析  

Influence of the main channels on global container ship network

作　　者：陈闪闪 彭澎 陆锋[2,3,4] 吴升 CHEN Shanshan;PENG Peng;LU Feng;WU Sheng(Spatial Information Research Center of Fujian, Fuzhou University, Laboratory of Spatial DataMining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute ofGeographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Big Data Applications in Governments,Fuzhou 350002, China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学福建省空间信息工程研究中心,福州大学数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室,福州350002 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]海西政务大数据应用协同创新中心,福州350002

出　　处：《地理研究》2019年第9期2273-2287,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：中国科学院重点项目(ZDRW-ZS-2016-6-3);福建省科技创新平台建设项目(2015H2001)

摘　　要：马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河三大主航道在全球集装箱海洋运输中发挥着核心作用。本文基于全球集装箱运输船舶AIS轨迹数据构建了无向加权网络,采用网络平均度、聚类系数、平均最短路径长度等指标,从地理空间的视角,度量了全球集装箱海洋运输对三大航道的依赖性。结果表明:①海上主航道受阻对不同区域的影响程度存在显著性差异,对国家中转功能及可达性的影响以航道为中心向外呈距离衰减效应;②集装箱海运网络对航道的依赖性由高到低依次为马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河;③从区域角度看,东南亚、中东及地中海等区域国家对航道的依赖性远高于其他国家;④三大航道受阻导致集装箱海运网络结构特征发生变化,对海运大国中转功能及可达性产生中等级别影响,绝大部分海运国家的变幅在中等及以下级别。研究成果对全球集装箱运输网络重点航线保护及航线优化具有参考价值。As one of the most important modes of transportation in the world, container transportation accounts for 80% of the international trade, and the average annual growth rate is 4%. The Strait of Malacca, the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal, which are located on the maritime transportation throats, have taken up 76% of container trade volume. However, the three main channels are facing a great many of risks and challenges due to the diverse risk factors that are complex and difficult to control, which could cause the blockade or shutting down of the main channels. Therefore, accessing the dependences of container transportation on the three main channels, and calculating the degree of impact of navigation on the container transportation quantitatively, are of great importance for ensuring national trade safety. In this paper, we use the global container ship AIS trajectory data to build a non-weighted maritime network on country scale, and adopt some complex network indices, including clustering coefficient, and average shortest path length, to study the network structure characteristics for the analysis of the dependence of the global container ship network on the three major channels of the Strait of Malacca, Suez Canal and Panama Canal. The results show that: 1) there are significant differences under the impacts of obstruction in channels on different regions, and the effects on national transshipment function and accessibility show a distance attenuation law at the center of channels;2) the dependencies of the container ship network on the three main channels are successively the Strait of Malacca, the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal;3) from a regional perspective, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean are far more dependent on the three main channels than other regions;4) structural characteristics of the global container ship network have changed significantly due to the disruption of the three main channels;from the perspective of transshipment function and accessibility, and medium and high

关 键 词：集装箱运输网络 船舶AIS轨迹数据 主航道 复杂网络 

分 类 号：F551[经济管理—产业经济]