辩证现象学与西方马克思主义批判理论——以马尔库塞为中心  

“Phenomenology of Historical Materialism” and Radical Connotations of Marxism:Centering on Marcuse

作　　者：薛晋锡[1] XUE Jin-xi

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2019年第4期48-56,159,共10页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：天津市社科规划项目(TJKS16-004Q)

摘　　要：马尔库塞将自己早期的研究规划界定为"历史唯物主义现象学"或"辩证现象学",他通过综合现象学和辩证法两种思想方法来凸显马克思主义的激进性内涵。马尔库塞一方面从黑格尔的《精神现象学》来重审海德格尔关于"此在"的历史性特征,进而确立起了个体存在的历史性思想;另一方面受马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的启发,将唯物主义的理论内涵推进到了生命存在的本能维度。这在一定程度上深化了历史唯物主义的具体化要求,并与存在主义的马克思主义划清了界限,可以为我们批判性地解读当代西方左翼思想的激进特征提供借鉴。Marcuse defined his early research plan as "phenomenology of historical materialism"or"dialectical phenomenology". He highlighted the radical connotations of Marxism through the combination of phenomenology and dialectics. On the one hand,Marcuse re-examined Heidegger’s historical existence of Dasein from Hegel’s Phenomenon of Spirit,and established the historical thought of individual existence. On the other hand,under the influence of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 by Marx,Marcuse extended the theoretical connotations of materialism to the instinctive dimension of life,identifying the inherent requirement of historical materialism for concreteness,and leaving itself distinguished from existentialist Marxism,thus providing an important reference for us to critically interpret the radical characteristics of the contemporary western left-wing thought.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义现象学 历史现象学 辩证法 历史存在论 齐泽克 物化 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]