企业职工体育参与特征及制约因素的影响效应与路径选择  

Sports Participant Characteristics and Restrictive Factors of Enterprise Staff

作　　者：尹继红[1] YIN Ji-hong(Dept, of P.E., Hu azhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 , Hubei China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学体育学院

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2019年第6期110-119,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：2018年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(项目编号:18YJA890030);2016年湖北省高校省级教学研究项目(项目编号:2016068)

摘　　要：为了考察我国企业职工体育参与的特征及其制约因素。主要采用文献资料法、专家访谈法及半结构式访谈法的基础上,对湖北省、浙江省、吉林省、上海市1002名企业职工进行问卷调查。结果发现:企业职工体育参与具有"频率小、持时短、出行效率低、组织管理匮乏"等特征,其现状令人堪忧;企业职工体育的制约因素主要有:结构限制、人际限制、家庭限制和自身限制;4个制约因素对企业职工体育的负向影响皆显著,其中,结构限制对工作日持续时间、家庭限制对休息日持续时间、人际限制对周频率、自身限制对出行耗时的影响较大。而且,在外在因素(结构限制、人际限制、家庭限制)与企业职工体育的影响链条上,内在因素(自身限制)具备中介效应。结论:发展外部自然和人文资源,丰富职工自身体育认知和体验,可能是发展企业职工体育的一个有效途径。建议:加强硬件设施、资金和时间投入;优化企业职工体育组织机构;创新企业与社会协同治理思路;充分利用互联网工具来丰富体育参与形式;通过建立社会、社区、学校体育场馆共享机制来提高职工参与的自主性和时间效率。研究可为防范和解决企业职工体育发展中诸多潜在问题提供理论及实践参考。This study aimed to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of sports participation by domesticenterprise staffs. On the basis of the documentation method, expert interview and semi-structured interviews, thispaper made investigation on 1 002 enterprise employees from Hubei Province , Zhejiang Province , Jilin Province,and Shanghai. The results showed that the sports participation of enterprise staff is characterized by smallfrequency, short duration, low travel efficiency and lack of organization and management, its status is worrying.There were four main factors restricted enterprise staff's sports, including the structural restrictions, interpersonalrestrictions, family restrictions and the self restrictions. The negative influences of the four factors on the sports of enterprise staff were all significant. Among them, the structural constraints had a greater impact on duration ofworking day, the family restrictions had a greater impact on duration of rest day;the interpersonal constraints had agreater impact on frequency;and the self restrictions had a greater impact on the trip time consumed. Furthermore ,the internal factors ( i.e., self restrictions) had the mediating effects on the influence chain of external factors ( i..e., structural restrictions, interpersonal restrictions, and family restrictions ) and enterprise staff sports.Conclusion : Developing the external natural and humanistic resources and enriching the staffs own sports cognitionand experience might be one effective way to develop enterprise staff's sports. The suggestions are strengthening theinvestment in hardware facilities, funds and time, optimizing the organization of enterprise staff sports, innovatingthe ideas of the collaborative governance of enterprise and society, making full use of Internet tools to enrich theform of sports participation, and establishing the sharing mechanism of stadiums and gymnasiums from society,community, and school to improve the autonomy and time efficiency of staff sports participation. This

关 键 词：企业职工体育 现状特征 制约因素 内在因素 外在因素 

分 类 号：G812.41[文化科学—体育学]