镁铬耐火材料及高温装备绿色化应用研究进展  

Research Progress of Magnesia Chrome Refractories and Their Application in Greenization for High Temperature Furnace

作　　者：钱凡[1] 段雪珂 杨文刚[1] 刘国齐[1] 李红霞[1] QIAN Fan;DUAN Xueke;YANG Wengang;LIU Guoqi;LI Hongxia(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories,Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039)

机构地区：[1]中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司先进耐火材料国家重点实验室

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第23期3882-3891,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51772277; 51372231);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0304000)~~

摘　　要：镁铬耐火材料是以方镁石和镁、铁尖晶石(Mg,Fe)(Cr,Al,Fe)2O 4为主晶相的碱性耐火材料,具有耐火度高、高温强度大、热震稳定性优良以及抗熔渣侵蚀性和经济性等优点,在钢铁、有色、水泥等高温工业装备领域有着广泛的应用,是诸多高温装备炉衬关键部位的主导材料。然而镁铬耐火材料在氧化性气氛或与碱性氧化物如K 2O、Na 2O、CaO等共存时,在一定温度下其Cr^3+会部分转化为Cr^6+,由此带来六价铬污染问题,与高温工业绿色、环保、高效的发展理念相违背。通过法规对镁铬耐火材料产业链进行规范引导、采取系列措施抑制镁铬耐火材料六价铬化合物的形成均无法从根本上消除Cr^6+带来的隐患,而最根本的办法是开展耐火材料无铬化研究与应用。针对高温工业装备应用镁铬耐火材料带来的污染问题,国内外耐火材料工作者相继开展了高温装备绿色化研究与应用工作。其中水泥回转窑、RH精炼炉用耐火材料取得的无铬化研究成果已经实现了产业实践,产生了积极的社会效益,特别是水泥回转窑烧成带用耐火材料率先实现了无铬化。目前在水泥回转窑烧成带取得较好使用效果的是镁钙锆质耐火材料及镁尖晶石质耐火材料,它们能够替代镁铬砖并满足服役要求,上述研究与应用成果极大促进了钢铁工业用RH精炼炉无铬化的研究与实践。当前RH精炼炉无铬化研究已经成功获得应用,并且有多种不含铬材料替代方案,其中以复合镁铝尖晶石砖的应用最为普遍,在国内外一些RH精炼炉用耐火材料已经相继实现无铬化,实现了绿色化发展理念。上述成功经验有以下两点:(1)依靠行业自主技术创新,实现企业的社会价值;(2)依赖于社会大众环保意识的提高以及政府相关环保产业政策的引导,两种合力共同推动了高温装备的绿色化应用与发展。在今后的一段时期内,镁铬耐火材料在Magnesia-chromium refractory is an alkaline refractory material with periclase and spinel(Mg,Fe)(Cr,Al,Fe)2O4 as the main crystalline phases.It has high refractoriness,high strength under high temperature,excellent thermal shock resistance,fine slag corrosion resistance and good economical efficiency,and has been widely used in iron and steel metallurgy,non-ferrous smelting,cement and other industries.Magnesium chromium refractories are the dominant materials in many key parts of high-temperature furnace.However,Cr^3+of Cr2O3 will be partly converted to Cr^6+at a certain temperature in oxidizing atmosphere or with alkaline oxides such as K2O,Na2O,CaO,etc.,resulting in hexavalent chromium pollution,which is not line with green,environmentally friendly and efficient for high temperature industry.It is impossible to eliminate the hidden danger caused by Cr^6+in magnesium chromium refractories by regulating the industrial chain and taking a series of measures to restrain the formation of hexavalent chromium compounds.However,the most consistent and permanent way is to carry out the research and application of chromium-free refractories.In view of the pollution caused by the application of magnesia-chromium refractories in high-temperature industrial furnace,refractory resear-chers all over the world have successively carried out green refractories research and application for high temperature furnace.A large number of chromium-free research results have been achieved for cement rotary kiln and RH refining furnace,and positive social benefits have been achieved along with the production practice,especially the chromium-free refractories used in burning zone in cement rotary kiln.At present,the magnesia-calcium-zirconium refractories and magnesia spinel refractories have achieved better application effect in burning zone of cement rotary kiln,which can replace magnesia chromium bricks very well.The application result above-mentioned has greatly promoted the research and practice of chromium-free for RH refining furnace

关 键 词：镁铬耐火材料 高温装备 无铬化 绿色化 

分 类 号：TQ175.7[化学工程—硅酸盐工业] X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]