橡胶树无性系生长动态及与气象因子关联分析  

Growth Dynamics of Hevea brasiliensis Clones and Correlation with Meteorological Factors

作　　者：张凤良[1] 亚华金 李小琴[1] 毛常丽[1] 杨湉 李国华[1] 吴裕[1] ZHANG Feng-liang;YA Hua-jin;LI Xiao-qin;MAO Chang-li;YANG Tian;LI Guo-hua;WU Yu(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2019年第5期91-97,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：农业部种质资源保护项目(151721301354052002-01);云南省橡胶产业技术体系(2017KJTX008-01);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2018-1)

摘　　要：2015年12月-2017年11月,逐月对2015年定植的6个橡胶树无性系的株高和茎粗生长量进行测量,分析其月生长动态变化规律,并与气象因子进行关联分析。结果表明,2a间,6个橡胶树无性系的株高和茎粗月生长动态均呈现出“慢-快-慢”的节律,其中,2016年速生期集中在5-10月,2017年集中在7-10月。2017年(2龄),272号无性系的株高和茎粗生长均显著高于其他无性系,生长势最好,而另外5个无性系生长相当。生长动态与气象因子结合分析得出,每年气温从4月开始上升,但此时苗木生长仍较慢,其主要决定因素是降雨量较少;而雨季降雨增多后,致使不同年份间苗木生长存在较大差异的主要气象因子为日照时数;每年的11月至次年的3月,苗木生长缓慢的主要原因是温度过低且降雨过少导致的。大多数橡胶树无性系茎粗生长全年无休眠期,速生期集中在夏秋季,不同年份间存在明显差异,建议根据植胶区的气象条件和立地条件进行生态高效育种。The monthly growth of plant height and stem diameter of 6 Hevea brasiliensis clones which were transplanted in 2015 were measured from December 2015 to November 2017.The dynamics of monthly growth and its correlation with meteorological factors were analyzed to provide references for ecological breeding and cultivation management of H.brasiliensis .The results showed that monthly growth dynamics presented the rhythm of “slow-fast-slow” in two years,Among them,the fast-growing period in 2016 was concentrated in May to October,and in 2017 was concentrated in July to October.In 2017 (age 2),the plant height and stem diameter of No.272 clone were significantly higher than those of other 5 clones that presented the similar growth dynamics with each other.The analysis of growth dynamics combined with meteorological factors could concluded that growth of seedlings was still slow when the temperatures started to rise from April;the main determinant for the growth was the insufficiency of rainfall.However,the main meteorological factor that caused the difference of seedling growth in different years was sunshine duration along with the increase of rainfall in the rainy season.From November to March of next year,main reasons for the slow growth of seedlings were low temperature and very little rainfall.Growth of stem diameter had no dormancy period in most of H.brasiliensis clones all the year round.The fast-growing periods for diameter were concentrated in summer and autumn,and there were significant differences among different years.It was suggested to carry out ecological and efficient breeding according to the meteorological and site conditions in planting areas of H.brasiliensis .

关 键 词：橡胶树 月生长动态 气象因子 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S796[农业科学—林木遗传育种]