主要气象因子对核桃叶斑病发生动态的影响  

Influences of the Key Meteorological Factors on the Occurrence Dynamics of Walnut Leaf Spot Disease

作　　者：王杰[1] 徐方媛[1] 蒋萍[1] 李飞剑 阿力木江·艾尔肯 WANG Jie;XU Fang-yuan;JIANG Ping;LI Fei-jian;Alimujiang Aierken(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Luopu County Forestry Bureau,Luopu 848200,Xinjiang,China;Luopu County Meteorological Bureau,Luopu 848200,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]洛浦县林业局,新疆洛浦848200 [3]洛浦县气象局,新疆洛浦848200

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2019年第5期127-133,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560210)

摘　　要：核桃叶斑病的病原分离鉴定结果为链格孢菌。在此基础上,为明确核桃叶斑病发生动态与主要气象因子之间的关系,于2016、2017年4-9月,在位于洛浦县2个乡镇的观测园内,利用便携式气象站定时收集样地内空气温度、相对湿度和降雨量数据,调查监测病害发生的严重程度。得到25组病情指数,绘制各气象因子与病害发生动态曲线,分析其间的关系。结果表明,空气温度、相对湿度和降雨综合影响病情的发展速度,春季核桃展叶后,空气温度、相对湿度的增高和一定的降雨量有助于病菌孢子的萌发侵染,5月下旬温度激增,加速病情发展,5月底达到第1个高峰;6月底至7月中旬随着相对湿度的增大,降雨量的增多和持续较高的温度,病害产生第2个流行高峰;8月中旬以后,温度逐渐降低,病情流行速度减缓,虽然相对湿度和降雨量处于病害调查期较高的阶段,但对病害流行的影响较小。研究结果为病害的监测预报及防控措施的制定提供理论依据。Through the isolation and identification of the pathogens of walnut leaf spot disease,the pathogen was confirmed as Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissler.On this basis,the relationships between walnut leaf spot disease and the key meteorological factors during April to September,2016 and 2017 were clearified.The data of air temperature,relative humidity and rainfall in sample plots were collected by meteorological stations,and at the same time,the severity of the disease occurrence was investigated and monitored in observation gardens of two villages and townships in Luopu County.Twenty-five groups of disease index were collected.The curves of various meteorological factors and disease occurrence dynamic were drawn,and their relationships were analyzed.The results showed that air temperature,relative humidity and rainfall jointly influenced the development of the disease.The increase of air temperature,relative humidity and certain amount of rainfall were helpful for the germination and infection of the pathogenic spores after the walnut leaf expansion in spring,temperature surging accelerated the progression of the disease in late May,the first disease peak reached at the end of May.From the end of June to the middle of July,with the increase of relative humidity,rainfall and the continuous higher temperature,the second epidemic peak of the disease occurred.After mid-August,the disease development slowed as temperature gradually dropped,although relative humidity and rainfall were in the higher stage during disease investigation,they had little impact on the disease development.The results could provide theoretical bases for disease monitoring,forecasting and control.

关 键 词：气象因子 核桃叶斑病 发生动态 影响 病原菌鉴定 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]