种植密度和施肥量对油菜毯状苗生长的影响  

Effects of plant density and N fertilizer spraying concentration on growth of rapeseed blanket seedlings

作　　者：张含笑[1] 林参 左青松[1] 杨光[1] 冯倩南 冯云艳 冷锁虎[1] ZHANG Han-Xiao;LIN Shen;ZUO Qing-Song;YANG Guang;FENG Qian-Nan;FENG Yun-Yan;LENG Suo-Hu(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;Jiangsu Tianfeng Seed Co. Ltd, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏天丰种业有限公司,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《作物学报》2019年第11期1691-1698,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200905)资助~~

摘　　要：为探讨不同密度和施肥量对油菜毯状苗形成壮苗的关键生物学指标的影响,以探索适合机械移栽的油菜毯状苗培育方法,为生产上培育高质量油菜毯状苗提供依据。本文以甘蓝型油菜品种宁杂1818为材料,设置播种密度和施肥水平二因素试验,分析其对秧苗存活率、绿叶数、干物质积累和根冠比等指标的影响。结果表明,密度增大,秧盘存苗数显著降低,叶片数、绿叶数减少,地上部干重减少,地下部干重减少的幅度更大,根冠比下降;同时,根颈和苗高变长,秧苗充实度下降。密度过小,虽然毯状苗的素质提高,但不利于秧苗成毯和移栽,移栽后的密度也不能保证。因此,综合考虑毯状苗素质、适合机械化移栽和栽后的效果等方面,在晚稻茬口需要苗龄为30~40d左右时,播种密度在800粒盘-^1的基础上喷施3gL^-1尿素溶液是培育毯状苗壮苗的合理组合。In order to explore the effects of sowing density and N fertilizer on the key biological indicators of rapeseed blanket seedlings, the cultivation methods of rapeseed blanket seedlings suitable for mechanical transplantation were studied. In this paper, Ningza 1818, a Brassica napus variety, was used to analyze the effect of sowing density and N fertilizer spraying concentration on some important morphological and physiological indicators, including number of survival plants, number of green leaves, dry matter accumulation, ratio of shoot to root and so on. With the increase of sowing density, the number of survival plants, the number of leaves and green leaves decreased. High sowing density reduced dry matter accumulation of shoots and roots, and that of roots had a greater decline, resulting in a decreased ratio of shoot to root. At the same time, the root collar length and plant height increased, and seedling fullness decreased. With the increase of N fertilizer spraying concentration, the above indicators were optimized. Under the low sowing density condition, the quality of blanket seedlings was improved, however, it was not conducive to forming the good blanket of seedlings and transplanting, and the transplanting density could not be guaranteed. Therefore, considering the quality of blanket seedlings and the effect of mechanized transplanting, the combination of the nutrient solution of 3 g urea L^-1 and sowing density of 800 seed plate^-1 is reasonable to cultivate rapeseed blanket seedlings when the seedling age of late rice stubble is about 30.40 days.

关 键 词：油菜毯状苗 播种密度 氮肥喷施浓度 秧苗质量 绿叶数 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]