生物发酵制药废水产生的恶臭与VOCs特征及评估  

ODOR CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTION ESTIMATION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

作　　者：马嘉伟 王彦杰 郭雪松[1,2] 李琳 刘俊新[1,2] 李文凯 张文哲[1,2] MA Jia-wei;WANG Yan-jie;GUO Xue-song;LI Lin;LIU Jun-xin;LI Wen-kai;ZHANG Wen-zhe(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology,University of Chinese Academy ofSciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学挥发性有机物污染控制材料与技术国家工程实验室,北京101408

出　　处：《环境工程》2019年第9期34-39,共6页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51878650)

摘　　要：生物发酵是医用、兽用抗生素的重要工业化生产途径。生物制药废水处理过程中产生大量的异味物质,污染环境。在宁夏北部某生物制药企业的污水处理站设置采样点,分析沉砂池、水解酸化池、生化池和污泥脱水间等处理工艺段的异味特征。4个工艺段的恶臭浓度分别为653.64,881.50,1988.71,998.00OU。生化池是产生异味的主要单元;二乙胺和丙二醇甲醚是主要的VOCs,总浓度分别为3237.42,1132.73mg/m^3,总恶臭加权等标污染负荷比分别为57.30%和19.52%,均超过10%,是该污水处理站优先控制的异味污染物。采用韦伯-费希纳定律,构建评估指标体系,分级评估异味物质的潜在污染能力。二乙胺和丙二醇甲醚的污染能力指数均为Ⅱ级,属于中度易污染,影响范围为4~9km。Biological fermentation is an industrial production method which was applied widely to produce pharmaceutical and veterinary antibiotics.Considerable quantity of odorous substances are generated and released into the surrounding air during the processes of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, causing environmental pollution and safety risks.In order to investigate the odors generated from different sewage treatment stages, sampling points were set up in a sewage treatment station of a pharmaceutical factory in this study.Results showed that the concentrations of odors were 653.64 OU at the grit chamber, 881.50 OU at hydrolytic acidification pool, 1988.71 OU at biological pool, and 998.00 OU at sludge dewatering chamber.The main source of odor was the biochemical pool in the wastewater treatment station.Diethylamine and propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) were determined as the main odor pollutants, with total concentrations of 3237.42 mg/m 3 and 1132.73 mg/m 3 , respectively.The total odor-weighted equivalent pollution load ratios of these two compounds were 57.30% and 19.52%, respectively, which both exceeded 10%.They were considered as the priority control pollutants.In order to assess their potential pollution capacities, the evaluation index system was established using the Weber-Fechner law.Both diethylamine and PGME had Grade II of potential pollution capacities, which assigned to moderate pollution with the impact range of 4~9 km.

关 键 词：生物发酵制药 恶臭气体 VOCS 韦伯-费希纳定律 潜在污染能力 

分 类 号：X78[环境科学与工程—环境工程]