羊柴叶形态结构的地域分异特征及其与生态因子间的关系  

Regional differentiation of Hedysarum laeve leaf morphological structure and its relation with ecological factors

作　　者：杨洋 赵杏花 左合君 YANG Yang;ZHAO Xinghua;ZUO Hejun(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;Key Laboratoryof Desert Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration,State Forestry and Grassland Administration of)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010010 [2]荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《广西植物》2019年第9期1233-1242,共10页Guihaia

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501009)~~

摘　　要：为探讨沙旱生植物的形态及组织结构对地域分异的响应,揭示植物形态、结构的地域分异规律。该研究以呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地及毛乌素沙地的羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)为对象,采用野外测量、石蜡切片技术及叶片解离技术,观察、分析了羊柴叶片形态及组织结构的地域分异特征,并就其形态、结构与生态因子间进行了相关性研究。结果表明:(1)随着干旱程度的加剧,羊柴叶片在形态上表现为变小、变厚,侧生小叶变长、变宽;在结构上表现为单位面积气孔数量减少,上、下表皮细胞变厚,栅栏组织越发达,栅栏细胞排列紧密,主脉维管束直径变大,疏导能力加强。(2)羊柴叶肉中存在大量的异细胞,具有抵御干旱及贮藏等功能,是对干旱环境长期适应的体现。(3)生长季降水量、年均降水量及年均蒸发量是形成羊柴小叶形态、结构地域分异的主要环境因子。以上结果表明植物对地域分异的响应不仅体现在外部形态上,在组织结构上同样产生相应的分异特征,而水热条件则是产生分异的主要因素。In order to explore the response of morphology and structure of xerophytes to regional differentiation, leaf morphology and structure of Hedysarum laeve in Hulunbuir, Horqin, Hunshandake and Mu Us sandy lands were observed and analyzed by field measurement, paraffin section technology and leaf dissociation technology.The relationship among morphology, structure and ecological factors was also studied.The results were as follows:(1) With drought intensifies, the morphological characteristics of H.laeve leaf were smaller, thicker, lateral lobules longer and wider;stomatal number per unit area decreased, upper and lower epidermal cells became thicker, palisade tissue became more developed, palisade cells arranged closely, diameter of main vascular bundle became larger, and dredging ability was strengthened.(2) H.laeve mesophyll contained a large number of idioblast, which had the functions of drought-resisting and storage, and reflected the long-term adaptation of drought environment.(3) The precipitation in growing season, annual average precipitation and annual average evaporation were the main environmental factors for the formation of H.laeve lobule morphology and regional structure differentiation.This indicates that the response of plants to regional differentiation is not only reflected in the external morphology, but also in the organizational structure, and the hydrothermal conditions are the main factors.

关 键 词：羊柴叶 形态特征 结构特征 异细胞 地域差异 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学]