上海地区AQI变化特征及与气象因素的相关性  

Characteristics of air quality index and its correlation with meteorological parameters in Shanghai

作　　者：郑庆锋[1] 史军 董广涛[1] 黄文娟 徐卫忠[1] 王泉源[3] ZHENG Qing-feng;SHI Jun;DONG Guang-tao;HUANG Wen-juan;XU Wei-zhong;WANG Quan-yuan(Shanghai Climate Center,shanghai 20030,China;Shanghai Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center,Shanghai 200030,China;Hangzhou Institute of Environmental Protection Science,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市气候中心,上海200030 [2]上海市生态气象和卫星遥感中心,上海200030 [3]杭州市环境保护科学研究院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2019年第5期53-62,共10页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1505601);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201922)共同资助

摘　　要：基于上海地区2012—2016年逐日PM2.5、PM10、CO、O3、SO2、NO2的分指数(individual air quality index,IAQI)数据以及同期气象要素(风速、降水量、气温、相对湿度、总云量、低云量)、逆温数据和高空大气环流数据,分析了上海地区空气质量指数的时间变化特征和气候要素对空气质量的影响,并选取PM 2.5和O3污染天气过程及其邻近的非污染天气过程,对比分析高空大气环流形势的差异。结果表明:上海地区出现PM2.5、PM10和NO2污染天气在冬季最多,分别为31.4 d、10.0 d和14.8 d,而O3污染天气在夏季最多(18.8 d)。风速和低云量是影响PM2.5污染的重要气象因素,最大相关系数分别为-0.313和-0.261,O3污染则与气温和日照时数密切相关,最大相关系数分别为0.449和0.363,PM2.5、O3污染的发生也与前一日以及当日出现逆等温天气存在较好的相关性。在PM2.5污染天气过程,上海位于槽后高压前部,850 hPa有较强西北风,而非PM 2.5污染天气过程中上海位于高压后部,低层850 hPa为东南风。在O 3污染天气和非污染天气过程,中国东部长波射出辐射(Outgoing Longwave Radiation,OLR)分别为正、负距平,副热带高压控制下上海晴热少云,易引起O3污染,反之上海上空云系多,不容易出现污染。Based on the daily individual air quality index(IAQI)of PM2.5,PM10,CO,O3,SO2,and NO2,observations of meteorological parameters(including wind speed,precipitation,temperature,relative humidity,total cloud cover,and low cloud cover),temperature inversion and upper-level atmospheric circulation data from 2012 to 2016,we analyzed the temporal variation of air quality index and the impact of climatic elements on air quality in Shanghai.We also compared the differences in atmospheric circulation during PM2.5 and O3 pollution events and clean days nearby.The results showed that the PM2.5,PM10,and NO2 pollution events occur frequently in winter,with day numbers of 31.4 d,10.0 d and 14.8 d,respectively,while O3 pollution events occur most frequently in summer(18.8 d).Wind speed and low cloud cover greatly affect PM 2.5 pollution,with the correlation coefficient of-0.313 and-0.261,respectively.O3 pollution is closely related to air temperature and sunshine duration,with the correlation coefficient of 0.449 and 0.363,respectively.The formation of PM2.5 and O3 pollution also have a high correlation with a temperature inversion on the day and the former day.During PM2.5 pollution events,Shanghai is located ahead of a high behind a trough,accompanied by strong northwesterly winds at 850 hPa,while for clean days,Shanghai is behind a high and the southeasterly flows are dominated at 850 hPa.For O3 pollution events and clean days,the anomaly of outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)over eastern China is positive and negative,respectively.O3 pollution is easy to occur under a clear sky and low cloud cover conditions due to the subtropical high,and it hardly occurs in the presence of high cloud cover in Shanghai.

关 键 词：空气质量指数 气象要素 天气形势 

分 类 号：P458.124[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]