低分子量聚丙烯酸钾的合成及其应用  

Synthesis of Potassium Polyacrylate with Low Molecular Weight and Its Application

作　　者：宋育芳 肖乐勤[1] 菅晓霞[1] 周伟良[1] SONG Yufang;XIAO Leqin;JIAN Xiaoxia;ZHOU Weiliang(School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Jiangsu Nanjing, 210094))

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院

出　　处：《爆破器材》2019年第5期40-45,共6页Explosive Materials

基　　金：陆装预研项目(301110104)

摘　　要：采用水溶液聚合法制备了低分子量聚丙烯酸钾(PAAK),并作为新型消焰剂加入单基发射药中。通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测试了PAAK中钾的含量;用乌氏黏度计测定了特性黏度;采用DSC法研究不同pH值的PAAK与硝化棉(NC)的相容性;利用充氮氧弹法对添加PAAK、硝酸钾KNO3、硫酸钾K2SO4的单基发射药的燃烧残渣进行了对比研究。结果表明,合成的PAAK中,钾的质量分数为15.21%,相对分子量在3000左右,有利于和NC均匀混合,且在中性或微碱性(pH=7.0~7.5)的情况与NC相容性良好。与传统的KNO3、K2SO4消焰剂相比,PAAK能够和NC均匀混合,制备均质透明的单基发射药;PAAK发射药的燃烧残渣最少,占发射药质量的0.18%。Potassium polyacrylate (PAAK) with the low molecular weight was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization, and it was used as an organic flame suppressant to prepare single-based propellant. Potassium content in PAAK was tested by a flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and intrinsic viscosity was measured by a Ubbelohde viscometer. Compatibility of PAAK with nitrocellulose (NC) was investigated by DSC method, and combustion residues of single-based propellant containing PAAK, KNO 3 or K 2SO 4 were compared by nitrogen-bomb method. The results show that mass fraction of potassium in PAAK is 15.21%, and the molecular weight is about 3 000, which is beneficial to mix with NC uniformly. It has a good compatibility with NC in neutral or slightly alkaline (pH=7.0-7.5). Compared with single-based propellant containing KNO 3 or K 2SO 4, the single-based propellant containing PAAK is homogeneous and transparent due to PAAK being evenly mixed NC. Combustion residue of PAAK propellant is the least, accounting for 0.18% of the mass of propellant.

关 键 词：消焰剂 有机钾盐 相容性 燃烧残渣 

分 类 号：TQ569[化学工程—炸药化工]