语言价值观与语言多样性  

Language value orientations and linguistic diversity

作　　者：周明朗[1] ZHOU Ming-lang(School of Languages,University of Maryland,College Park,MD 20742,USA)

机构地区：[1]马里兰大学语言学院

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期57-64,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：文章聚焦语言价值观与语言多样性的关系,认为语言价值观呈现语言意识形态,涵盖物质价值观和精神价值观。前者生成于语言市场,凭借强势语言追逐物质利益。后者根植于对精神家园的信念,依靠母语守望精神家园。依据对中国语言文字使用调查资料的分析,研究显示,物质价值观与语言的客观活力有关联,但是并不一定可以维护弱势语言的活力,因为强势语言总是享有更多资源;语言精神价值观与语言的主观活力相关,可以保护弱势语言的活力,因为健康的精神价值观可以助力个人和社区保持双语平衡。研究说明,保护语言多样性是国家、社区和个人的共同使命。只有这三者都端正语言价值观,三方合作,才可落实《岳麓宣言》达成的国际共识。This paper examines the relationship between language value orientations and linguistic diversity.It proposes that,as ideology,language value orientations are classified as material and spiritual.The material value orientation is based on the material gains that a linguistic code may provide in the linguistic market(a system of domains of use).The spiritual value orientation is based on the concept of a spiritual home(family,friends,members of the clan,etc.)that a linguistic code may consolidate.Through the analysis of China’s language survey data,this study has found that the material value orientation is associated with the objective vitality of a minority language,but does not guarantee ethnolinguistic vitality,because the majority language enjoys more resources.It has also found that the spiritual value orientation is closely allied with the subjective vitality of minority languages and promotes linguistic diversity because it facilitates a healthy bilingualism.This study indicates that the maintenance of linguistic diversity needs shared efforts from the state,communities,and individuals.Only when the three collaborate closely with balanced language value orientations,could the consensuses reached in Yuelu Proclamation be materialized.

关 键 词：语言价值观 语言多样性 物质价值观 精神价值观 客观活力 主观活力 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]