美国印第安文学中的世界主义理想  

On the cosmopolitan vision in American Indian literature

作　　者：生安锋[1] SHENG An-feng(Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学外文系

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期126-134,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目(18WXA002);清华大学自主科研计划(20141081110)

摘　　要：美国印第安文学一方面饱含着对民族文化传统的坚守和复兴意图,但另一方面,优秀的作家们又清醒地意识到,狭隘而保守的民族主义是没有出路的。他们因而在经历寻觅个体的文化认同而不得的痛苦之后,认清了这样一个事实:返回纯粹的印第安民族文化已经不再可能,民族的融合和文化的杂糅已经成为不争的现实。人们所能希冀的,不是将历史倒退到白人侵入美洲之前的纯粹印第安世界,而是以包容的心态去对待各个文明,包括白人的主流文明,以开放的心态去面对世界的发展和变化,以世界主义的心态去拥抱不同文明、不同意识形态和人类的未来。立足全球化发展的大趋势和世界文化交流速度不断加快、交流程度不断加深的现状,结合当代主要美国印第安作家如莫马迪、西尔科、阿莱克西等人的艺术创作及其反映出的文化诉求和文化理解,指出加强文化交流和文化包容度的必要性,并认为一个包容开放、尊重差异的人类文化共同体是建构人类命运共同体的基石和灵魂。The writers of the American Indian literature have held to its traditional national culture and the dream of their national rejuvenation on the one hand,but on the other hand the excellent writers have also realized clearly that it is a dead-end if sticking to a narrow nationalism.After the painful and fruitless experiences of seeking the individual cultural identity,they have learned the impossibility of going back to a pure genuine Indian tradition and realized the reality of ethnic integration and hybridization.What they hope now is not to go back to the uncontaminated world before the colonization by the white people,but to tolerate different cultures of the nation,including the mainstream white culture,and to embrace different ideologies and civilizations with an open-minded cosmopolitan vision for a better future.With a consideration of the general trend of globalization and the acceleration of cultural exchanges all over the world,this paper explores some representative works by such well-known Indian writers as N.Scott Momaday,Leslie Marmon Silko and Sherman Alexie and their cultural appeal and understanding in literary creation in order to reveal the necessity of promoting cultural exchange and tolerance among all the nations on this planet.It also argues that a global cultural community of tolerance and mutual respect is the soul and foundation for building a community of shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：印第安文学 民族文化 文化交流 世界主义 人类文化共同体 

分 类 号：I109.9[文学—世界文学]