海洋生态环境损害国家索赔主体的对接与完善——以《海洋环境保护法》修改为契机  

Docking and perfection of the subjects of national claims for marine ecological environment damage——based on the amendment of the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：韩立新[1] 陈羽乔 HAN Li-xin;CHEN Yu-qiao(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;Zhanshan Street Office of the People’s Government of Southern District of Qingdao,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]青岛市市南区人民政府湛山街道办事处,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2019年第3期3-13,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大研究专项“中国参与全球海洋生态环境治理体系研究”(18VHQ015);中央高校基本科研业务费2019年重点科学研究培育项目“‘海洋命运共同体’视角下中国参与全球海洋生态治理角色定位及路径研究”(3132019360)

摘　　要：《海洋环境保护法》第89条授权具有海洋环境监督管理权的部门代表国家索赔重大海洋生态环境污染损害,本已存在国家索赔主体分散,索赔主体之间职权不明确或重叠等不足。2018年国务院机构改革后,国家海洋局的海洋环境保护职能被划分到新组建的自然资源部、生态环境部、农业农村部等不同的部门,使原有的国家索赔主体体制更加复杂。下一步应以生态环境和资源两个要素为基础,修改《海洋环境保护法》等有关法律法规,确立以市地级以上生态环境行政主管部门和自然资源行政主管部门作为中国海洋生态环境损害国家索赔主体,并构建起多部门协调的索赔工作机制,进一步强化行政机关索赔与检察机关公益诉讼的衔接与配合。Article 89 of the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China authorizes the departments with the power of supervision and control of the marine environment to claim on behalf of the State for substantial marine ecological pollution damage, under which there are already some shortcomings, such as decentralization of national claim subjects, unclear or overlapping functions and powers between such subjects. After the institutional reform of the State Council in 2018, the marine environment protection function of the National Oceanic Administration was divided into the newly formed Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecological Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, which made the original national claim subjects system more complex. The next step should be to amend the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations on the basis of the two elements of the ecological environment and resources, to establish the administrative departments of ecology and environment and the administrative departments of natural resources above the municipal level as the main body of national claims for marine ecological environment damage in China, to construct a multi-department coordinated work mechanism for claims, and to further strengthen the link and coordination between the claims of administrative organs and the public interest litigation of procuratorial organs.

关 键 词：海洋生态损害 国家索赔 主体 机构改革 法律修改 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]