WTO“特殊和差别待遇”透视:改革争议、对华现实意义及政策建议  

Perspective of WTO Special and Differential Treatment:Disputes on Reform, Practical Significance to China and Policy Suggestions

作　　者：李双双 LI Shuangshuang(National Academy of Economic Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2019年第8期4-11,78,共9页Intertrade

摘　　要：特朗普执政以来,对WTO表达了强烈不满,通过阻挠WTO上诉机构法官任命来强迫WTO进行改革,要求部分已经获得高度发展的发展中成员毕业,以期在国际贸易中实现对等。近期特朗普更是通过签署总统备忘录方式转向单边行动,声明要动用一切资源和手段实现其目标。其强硬行为背后除却特朗普个人行事作风因素外,更有美国经济相对竞争力下降、试图转移国内结构性矛盾、对等贸易以及赢者通吃的单赢思维等多方面政治经济原因。特殊和差别待遇对于中国具有弥补能力不足、提供必要保护、指导磋商谈判、限制违规行为等多方面重要现实意义。鉴于其特殊重要性,结合中国逐渐迈入高收入国家行列的现实前景,面对美国施压、欧盟支持,中国需要在短期坚守不放弃的原则,并做好在中长期逐渐转向毕业,承担更多责任的准备,同时继续深化结构性改革,为化解外部压力、维持经济中长期持续增长创造空间。Summary: Since Trump came into power, he has been expressing deep dissatisfaction with WTO. By blocking the appointment of judges in the Appellate Body of the WTO, the WTO is forced to reform, requiring some developing countries that have achieved advanced development to graduate in order to achieve reciprocal trade. More recently, Trump turned to unilateral action by signing the presidential memorandum, declaring that it is necessary to use all resources and means to achieve its objectives. In addition to Trump’s personal style, there are many political and economic reasons behind this tough behavior, including the decline of US economic competitiveness, Trump’s attempt to transfer domestic structural contradictions, as well as reciprocal trade and winner- take-all thoughts. Special and differential treatment is of great practical significance for China, such us making up for its inadequacy, providing necessary protection, guiding consultation and negotiation, and limiting violations to WTO rules. Considering S& DT’s special importance, and the reality of China’s gradual entry into high-income countries, while facing pressure from the United States and support from the European Union, we need to adhere to the principle of not giving up S&DT in the short term, prepare for graduation in the medium and long term and assume more responsibilities, and continue to deepen structural reform in order to defuse external pressures, creating space for sustained economic growth in the medium and long term.

关 键 词：WTO 发展中国家 特殊和差别待遇 改革 

分 类 号：F10[经济管理—世界经济] F13