西藏墨脱县孟加拉虎种群数量调查  

Investigation on the population of wild Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Medog, Tibet

作　　者：王渊 刘务林 刘锋 李晟[2] 朱雪林 蒋志刚[3] 冯利民 李炳章 WANG Yuan;LIU Wulin;LIU Feng;LI Sheng;ZHU Xuelin;JIANG Zhigang;FENG Limin;LI Bingzhang(Tibet Autonomous Region Research Institute of Forestry Inventory and Planning,Lhasa 850000,China;School of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [4]北京师范大学生态研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《兽类学报》2019年第5期504-513,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：西藏自治区第二次陆生野生动物资源调查项目

摘　　要：孟加拉虎曾在西藏墨脱县各乡镇均有分布记录,但自2002年后该地区未见确认报道。2013—2018年间,我们利用红外相机技术、信息网络收集法和足迹鉴定法调查了墨脱县孟加拉虎的9个潜在分布区域。结果显示,墨脱县仅存1~3只孟加拉虎非定居个体,仅在旱季(每年10月至来年3月)游荡活动于背崩乡、墨脱镇雅鲁藏布江南岸区,以及格当乡金珠藏布南岸区。该区域内孟加拉虎的保护前景不容乐观,其原因是多方面的。本文提出如下建议以加强针对野生孟加拉虎的保护:(1)继续加强虎的基础性监测;(2)加强针对偷盗猎活动的野外巡护与执法管理;(3)加强对原始森林的保护;(4)改善原住民生计,加强宣传教育,以减少对自然资源的消耗;(5)恢复与建立景观廊道,改善栖息地连通性,以促进虎的自然扩散;(6)加强不同机构与参与方之间的合作研究和技术交流。Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) used to be commonly distributed in Medog County, southeast Tibet, whereas no occurrence record has been reported across this area since 2002.In 2013-2018, we conducted field surveys in nine potential distribution areas of Bengal tigers in Medog using integrative approaches including camera-trapping, information network collection method and footprint identification method.The results suggested that there are only 1~3 non-resident individuals of Bengal tiger existing in Medog, occurring only during the dry season (October to March) in the south bank of the Yalu Zangbo River in the town of Beibeng, the south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the Medog Town, and the south bank of the Jinzhu Zangbo in the Gedang Township.The prospects of the subsistence of wild Bengal tiger in Medog are not optimistic, subjected to various conditions and causes.Actions we proposed to conserve the wild tigers in this region include:(1) Conduct systematically designed basic monitoring on Bengal tigers and their prey;(2) Strengthen field patrolling and law enforcement against wildlife poaching;(3)Strengthen the protection of the intact forests;(4) Promote the livelihood and education of indigenous peoples to reduce their consumption of nature resources;(5) Develop landscape corridors for wild tigers to increase the habitat connectivity and facilitate their dispersal;(6) Strengthen cooperation on research and technical exchanges among different institutions and parties.

关 键 词：孟加拉虎 红外相机技术 信息收集网络法 足迹鉴定法 墨脱县 

分 类 号：Q958.3[生物学—动物学]