卫星重力监测全球地下水储量变化及其特征  

Global Groundwater Storage Changes and Characteristics Observed by Satellite Gravimetry

作　　者：冯贵平[1,2,3,4] 宋清涛 蒋兴伟[2,3] Feng Guiping;Song Qingtao;Jiang Xinwei(Shanghai Ocean University College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai 201306 China;National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Remote Sensing and Application,State Oceanic Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling,Center for Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081 [3]国家海洋局空间海洋遥感与应用研究重点实验室,北京100081 [4]清华大学地球系统科学中心,北京100084

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2019年第4期822-828,共7页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41276019、41506211);上海海洋大学科技发展基金(A2-0203-00-10022)

摘　　要：地下水储量是水资源管理和陆地表面过程与水循环研究的一个重要参数。然而,由于传统观测技术成本高和空间分辨率低等局限性,很难建立一个全球连续的综合地下水监测网,因此监测全球高时空分辨率的地下水储量及其变化仍是当前的一个挑战。2002年发射的低低卫-卫跟踪"重力恢复与气候试验"(GRACE)重力卫星为高分辨率地监测全球地下水储量及其变化,提供了一种新的可能手段。利用2002年8月~2011年2月的GRACE观测数据估计近10 a的月间隔全球陆地水总储存量,扣除了GLDAS水文模型(全球陆地数据同化系统)中的地表水、冰雪和生物水,得到全球地下水储量时间序列,并分析其季节性和长期变化及其特征。研究结果表明:GRACE探测到全球地下水储量具有明显的季节性变化,例如在南美洲的亚马逊河流域和亚洲中南部的周年振幅达到50 mm,而在澳大利亚南部和非洲北部的周年振幅只有10 mm左右。另外全球地下水储量具有明显的长期变化,如南美洲亚马逊河流域由于洪水造成地下水储量以6 mm/a的速率增加,拉普拉塔地区由于干旱造成地下水储量以7.5 mm/a的速率减少;中国新疆吐鲁番盆地地区的地下水储量以3.1 mm/a的速率减少,中国华北地区的地下水储量以4.8 mm/a的速率下降。Groundwater storage is an important parameter in water resource manages andresearch of land-surface processes and hydrological cycle. However,the traditional instruments are very difficult to monitor global high temporal-spatial groundwater water storage and its variability without a comprehensive global monitoring network of hydrological parameters due to high cost and high labor intensity. The recent Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)mission provides a unique opportunity to directly measure the global groundwater storage and its change at multi-scales from August 2002 to February 2011. In this paper,the global terrestrial water storages with monthly resolution are derived from approximate 10 years of monthly GRACE measurements(2002 August-2011 February),and the groundwater is obtained with subtracting the surface water,snow,ice and canopy water,from total terrestrial water storages using the GLDAS(Global Land Data Assimilation System)model. Results have shown that significant annual variations of groundwater storages are found at the globe with amplitude of up to 50 mm. in Southeast Asia,northern Amazon,while in South Australia and North Africa the annual amplitude is about 10 mm. The secular trends of groundwater storage are also observed at specific areas. For example,in northern Amazon,the groundwater storage is increasing at about 6 mm/a due to recent floods,in La Plata,the groundwater storage is declining at about 7.5 mm/a because of drought,in Turpan Basin,the groundwater storage is declining at about 3.1 mm/a,and in North China Plain,the groundwater storage is declining at about 4.8 mm/a.

关 键 词：地下水储量 水循环 GRACE GLDAS 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]