氮掺杂高比表面多孔碳的一步化学活化法制备及其超电容性能  

N-Doped Porous Carbons with High Surface Areas Prepared Through One-Step Chemical Activation and Their Application for Supercapacitors

作　　者：辛冉冉 缪杭锦 姜伟 胡庚申 XIN Ran-Ran;MIAO Hang-Jin;JIANG Wei;HU Geng-Shen(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials,Institute of Physical Chemistry,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学物理化学研究所先进催化剂材料教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《无机化学学报》2019年第10期1781-1790,共10页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(No.LQ13G020010,LY16B070001);国家自然科学基金(No.21203167)资助项目

摘　　要：以聚氨酯发泡剂为碳源和氮源,以氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用一步化学活化法制备了具有高比表面积的氮掺杂活性炭。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、光电子能谱(XPS)对碳材料的微观形貌、组成、比表面积和孔道结构进行了表征。结果表明,在700℃活化的碳材料FC700具有最高的比表面积(2740m^2·g^-1)和最大的孔容(1.27cm^3·g^-1),这归因于KOH与泡沫的充分相互作用。在以6.0mol·L^-1KOH为电解液的三电极体系中,当电流密度为0.5A·g^-1时,其比电容达到了452F·g^-1。在组装的对称超级电容器中,其比电容达到了344F·g^-1,功率密度为247W·kg^-1时对应的能量密度为11.9Wh·kg^-1。在10000次循环后电容保持率为98.03%,表现出优异的稳定性。FC700的优异电化学性能可能归因于高的比表面积,大的孔体积和氮原子的掺杂。N-doped carbons with high surface areas were prepared through one-step chemical activation by using polyurethane foam as carbon and nitrogen source and KOH as activation agent.The morphology,elemental content,surface area and the pore structure of the resulting carbon-based products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),nitrogen adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The carbon-based product obtained at 700℃(FC700)possesses the largest surface area and pore volume,contributing by the interaction between KOH and the polyurethane foam.In three-electrode system,the capacitance can reach up to 452 F·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 in 6.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution.In a symmetric supercapacitor,the capacitance can reach 344 F·g^-1 and the energy density is 11.9 Wh·kg^-1 at the power density of 247 W·kg^-1.And the capacitance can maintain 98.03%of the initial capacitance,demonstrating the excellent stability.The excellent electrochemical performance of FC700 can be ascribed to the high surface area,large pore volume and nitrogen doping.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 发泡剂 KOH活化 碳 超级电容器 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]