花前、花后遮阴对籼粳杂交稻产量形成特性的影响  

Effects of Shading before and after Flowering Stage on Yield Formation Characters of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：陈宇眺 闫川[1] 洪晓富[1] CHEN Yutiao;YAN Chuan;HONG Xiaofu(Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所

出　　处：《中国稻米》2019年第5期79-83,共5页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“水稻生产系统对气候变化的相应机制及其适应性栽培途径”(2017YFD0300102);浙江省粮食新品种选育重大科技专项“水稻新品种特征特性鉴定与配套栽培技术”(2016C02050-3-3)

摘　　要：为研究花前(BF)、花后(AF)遮阴对籼粳杂交稻产量形成特性的影响,以甬优12为供试材料,分别在杭州市余杭区大田和浙江省农业科学院网室内用人工遮阴的方式开展试验。结果表明,与不遮阴处理(CK)相比,花前遮阴主要影响籼粳杂交稻的库容,表现为颖花分化数减少,退化数增加,每穗粒数、灌浆期的穗质量增加速率和收获指数显著降低,但成熟期植株干物质量未受显著影响;与花前遮阴不同,花后遮阴处理下,水稻的颖花分化与退化数、每穗粒数、收获指数与对照相比未受显著影响,但灌浆期稻穗质量增加速率减缓,成熟期植株干物质量降低。因此,需采用不同的栽培技术以应对发生在籼粳杂交品种开花前后的弱光寡照胁迫。合理的密植技术可以通过增加有效穗数来弥补穗粒数的降低,可能是应对花前弱光寡照胁迫的有效方式;适当推迟收获时期能保证水稻花后的灌浆结实,是减少花后弱光寡照胁迫下水稻产量损失的途径之一。In older to investigate the effects of shading before and after flowering stage on yield formation characters of indica-japonica hybrid rice, an experiment was conducted in the field and screen-house, respectively, using indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Yongyou 12 as material. The results indicated that the treatment of shading before flowering stage(BF) mainly affected the sink size of the indica-japonica hybrid rice, which performed as reducing the spikelets per panicle, the spikelets differentiation, the panicle weight increasing rate and the harvest index of rice significantly than the control (CK), however, the BF was not affected the dry weight of plant at maturity stage. Different from BF treatment, the shading after flowering stage (AF) brought few negative effects to the spikelts per panicle, the spikelets differentiation and the harvest index, but the panicle weight increasing rate during grain filling stage and the plant dry weight at maturity stage were significantly lower than CK. Different cultivation methods needs to be taken to resistance the weather of low light radiation happens before and after flowering stage of indica-japonica hybrid rice. Increasing the transplant density reasonably maybe useful to resistance the shading before flowering stage, however, delay the harvest time perhaps is an effect way to reduce yield lose when the shading happens after flowering stage.

关 键 词：寡照 籼粳杂交稻 花前遮阴 花后遮阴 产量形成 

分 类 号：S511.05[农业科学—作物学]