不同物料厌氧消毒对烤烟根结线虫病发生及烟叶产质量的影响  

Effect of Different Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation by Organic Materials on the Occurrence of Root-knot Nematode Disease,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：耿顺军 潘学萍[2] 赵芳 周桂夙[2] 查宏波 陶永萍 陈旭 赵正雄[2] GENG Shunjun;PAN Xueping;ZHAO Fang;ZHOU Guisu;ZHA Hongbo;TAO Yongping;CHEN Xu;ZHAO Zhengxiong(College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;College of Tobacco, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650051, China;Zhaotong Tobacco Company, Zhaotong 657000, China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650051 [3]昭通市烟草公司,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期785-792,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2016YN11)

摘　　要：【目的】为了有效地降低土传病害发生,并减少农药施用和更好地保障烟叶正常生产。【方法】试验以连作植烟土壤为对象,以生产中常规栽培措施为对照,连续2年研究了分别添加玉米秸秆(RS)、腐熟猪粪(RP)和光叶紫花苕子(RV) 3种不同物料土壤厌氧消毒处理对烤烟根结线虫、根黑腐病发生和烟叶产量、产值及质量的影响。【结果】土壤经厌氧消毒处理后,移栽前的pH和EC值相比对照皆有不同程度的提高,其中RS和RV处理与对照间差异明显。3个物料厌氧消毒处理田间根结线虫发生均低于对照,以RS和RV两处理效果尤为显著(P<0.05);而不同物料处理和对照间根黑腐病发病率总体无显著差异(P>0.05),但RS和RV两处理根黑腐病病情指数均低于对照,以RV处理效果尤为显著(P<0.05)。初烤烟叶产量、产值以RS和RV两处理明显高于对照和RP处理,而烟叶化学成分协调性则以RP和RV处理相对较好。上述结果2年试验总体一致。【结果】综合而言,光叶紫花苕子厌氧消毒处理总体防控根结线虫和增产增收效果明显,可以在生产中应用。[Purpose]In order to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases effectively, and to reduce the application of pesticides for guarantee the normal production of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan.[Methods]The study was focused on the effects of different anaerobic soil disinfestation by organic materials, including corn straw (RS), rotten pig manure (RP) and Vicia villosa (RV) respectively, on the occurrence of root-knot nematode, root black rot and yield, output value and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in 2 years.[Results]After anaerobic disinfection, the pH and EC values of the soil before transplanting were increased in different degrees compared with the control, and there were significant difference among RS, RV treatments and the control. The occurrence of root-knot nematode in three materials treated with anaerobic disinfection was lower than that of control, especially in RS and RV treatments (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of root black rot between different materials treated and control (P>0.05), but the disease index of root black rot in RS and RV treatments were lower than that of control, especially in RV treatment (P<0.05). The yield and value of flue-cured tobacco treated with RS and RV were significantly higher than those treated with control and RP, while the chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco treated with RP and RV was relatively better. The results of the two-year trial were consistent.[Conclusion]In summary, anaerobic disinfection of V. villosa has obvious affection on controlling root-knot nematode and increased production and income, which could be applied in production.

关 键 词：烤烟 土壤厌氧消毒 根结线虫病 产量 产值 质量 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]