沈有鼎对“中国古代逻辑”的认识及意义  

A brief analysis of Shen Yuting’s understanding of “ancient Chinese logic” and its significance

作　　者：谷成城 GU Chengcheng(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学学院

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2019年第9期14-21,共8页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“八卷本《中国逻辑史》”(14ZDB031);国家社会科学基金项目“先秦逻辑思想的特质及其历史文化因素研究”(14BZX077)

摘　　要：关于“中国古代逻辑”的争论,在中国逻辑学界由来已久。沈有鼎对学界关于“逻辑是研究‘形式的、必然的’推理的学科”“中国古代有辩论而无逻辑”“中国古代有逻辑思想而没有逻辑学”“中国有逻辑学是研究心态和研究方法的双重失误导致歪曲和过度诠释的结论”“中国古代逻辑没有抽象的研究推理的方式”“中国古代的推理模式缺乏形式有效性”“逻辑应当没有阶级性”等7个讨论较为集中的问题提出了自己的看法,同时对于中国古代是否有逻辑思想或逻辑学,以及“中国古代逻辑”所属范畴和阶段等问题也有明确的观点,并结合中国先秦时期政治、语言等特点,对必然性推理与或然性推理、形式化、抽象化与求得正确推理之间的关系等关键性问题进行了深入思考。在此基础上,他提出了一套更为严格的“有效性”标准。The debate on “ancient Chinese logic” has a long term in the academic circle. Shen Yuting has a respond for seven more concentrated issue. These seven issues are “Logic is the subject of formal inference and inevitable inference”,“Ancient China has debate but logic”,“Ancient China has logic thought but logic”,“ Mistakes of the research mentality and the research methods lead to conclusions which are distorted and over-interpreted”“Ancient Chinese logic has no abstract research method of reasoning”,“Ancient Chinese reasoning model is lack of validity ” and “Logic should have no class nature”. Shen Yuting has clear views about “If ancient China has logical thought or logic” and “ancient Chinese logic” belongs to categories and stages. Combining the characteristics of politics and language in the pre-Qin period of China, he made in-depth thinking on the key issues such as the relationship between inevitability and probabilistic reasoning, formalization, abstraction and validity reasoning. Based on above, Shen Yuting puts forward a set of more stringent standard of “validity”.

关 键 词：沈有鼎 “中国古代逻辑” 逻辑思想 逻辑学 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]