基于杂交谷子产量及其构成因素的最优养分用量和施肥位置研究  

Optimum NPK fertilizer rates and fertilization placement based on yield and yield components of hybrid millet

作　　者：李永虎 曹梦琳 杜慧玲[1] 郭平毅[1] 原向阳[1] 张海颖 LI Yong-hu;CAO Meng-lin;DU Hui-ling;GUO Ping-yi;YUAN Xiang-yang;ZHANG Hai-ying(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Qixian Agricultural Committee,Qixian,Shanxi 030900,China)

机构地区：[1]1山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]2祁县农业委员会,山西祁县030900

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第9期1532-1541,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-A28);国家自然科学基金项目(31301269);山西省农业科技攻关项目(20150311016-2);山西省重点研发项目(2015-TN-09);山西省重点研发计划(一般项目)(201603D221003-2);山西省重点研发(农业)项目(201603D221007-2);山西省应用基础研究计划(201701D121099);山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才支持计划(TYIT201406)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨氮、磷、钾不同施肥量和基施位置对杂交谷子产量及其构成因素的影响,为杂交谷子生产减肥增效和可持续发展提供优化施肥方案。[方法]试验于 2016 2017 年在山西中部太谷县的山西农业大学创新园区进行,以张杂谷 10 号为试验材料,选择氮、磷、钾施用量和施肥水平距离及施肥深度 5 个因素,采用五因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计,进行地膜覆盖田间小区试验。所有肥料全部作为底肥,氮肥为尿素,磷肥为过磷酸钙,钾肥为硫酸钾。收获前各小区选取有代表性的 10 穴植株用于考种,测定千粒重和单穗粒数。谷子成熟后,在各试验小区内均选取一个具有代表性的 3 m × 3 行测定最终成穗数。10 月上旬收获,脱粒风干后称重、计产,用以研究施肥量和施肥位置对产量及产量构成因素(单位面积穗数、单穗粒数、千粒重等)的影响。[结果]产量与单穗粒数、千粒重呈极显著正相关,与单位面积穗数呈显著正相关。氮、磷、钾、施肥水平距离和施肥深度对产量均有极显著影响,且影响程度为氮>磷>钾>施肥水平距离>施肥深度。氮对单穗粒数的影响达到显著水平,磷对单位面积穗数的影响达到极显著水平,对千粒重的影响达显著水平,钾对单位面积成穗数和单穗粒数的影响达到极显著水平,对千粒重的影响达到显著水平,施肥水平距离和施肥深度对单位面积穗数、单穗粒数有显著影响。氮和磷的互作对产量有显著影响;氮和钾的互作对单穗粒数、千粒重、产量均有显著影响;磷和钾的互作对单位面积穗数有显著影响。5 个因素与产量及其构成因素间回归关系极显著,拟合程度较高,可用于实际生产预测。[结论]对于张杂谷 10 号,施肥量对其产量的影响大于施肥位置,氮肥提高穗粒数,磷肥提高单位面积成穗数和千粒重,而钾肥对单位面积成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重�【Objectives】This study was to optimize the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates and placement for high yield of hybrid millet, and to optimize fertilization scheme for providing foundation of reducing fertilization rate, increasing efficiency and maintaining sustainable development in hybrid millet production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted during 2016 to 2017 at the Innovation Zone of Shanxi Agricultural University. Quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was used in the experiment;hybrid millet (Setaria italica) cultivar of Zhangzagu10 was used as the tested material and cultivated with plastic film mulching. It included 5 factors as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer rates, the horizontal distance to seed and depth of application, each factor had 5 levels. All the fertilizers were basal applied in the designed rate and position. At maturity, 10 clumps of millet plants were taken to examine 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear and yield. The correlation between the tested index with the fertilizer rate and placement were established using multivariate linear regression model.【Results】Millet yield was extremely significantly dependent on grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, and significantly on the ears per hectare. Fertilizer rates and placement had extremely significant effects on the yield, and the effect descended in order of nitrogen > phosphorus > potassium > fertilization horizontal distance to seed> fertilization depth. Nitrogen had a significant effect on grains per ear;phosphorus had an extremely significant effect on ears per hectare and had a significant effect on 1000-grain weight;potassium had an extremely significant effect on ears per hectare and grains per ear and had a significant effect on 1000-grain weight;and the fertilization horizontal distance and depth had significant effects on ears per hectare and grains per ear. The interaction of N and P was significant on yield, that of N and K was significant on grains per ear, 10

关 键 词：二次回归正交旋转组合设计 氮磷钾用量 施肥位置 杂交谷 产量 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]