抚育间伐强度对兴安落叶松林不同演替阶段水源涵养的影响  

Effects of Tending Thinning Intensity on Water Conservation in Different Succession Stages of Larix gmelinii Forest

作　　者：张期奇 董希斌 张甜 李悦 孟园 管惠文 王智勇 陈蕾 Zhang Qiqi;Dong Xibin;Zhang Tian;Li Yue;Meng Yuan;Guan Huiwen;Wang Zhiyong;Chen Lei(Key Laboratory of Forest Sustainable Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China)

机构地区：[1]森林持续经营与环境微生物工程黑龙江省重点实验室(东北林业大学)

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2019年第10期55-63,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504103)

摘　　要：为深入了解兴安落叶松林水源涵养功能,探索抚育间伐对其的影响,为森林更好的经营提供理论依据,在大兴安岭4个试验区(幼龄林、中龄林、近成熟林和成熟林)分别按4种抚育间伐强度(对照、低强度间伐、中强度间伐、高强度间伐)设置16块样地Y0(0)、Y1(15%~20%)、Y2(25%~30%)、Y3(35%~40%)、M0(0)、M1(15%~20%)、M2(25%~30%)、M3(35%~40%)、N0(0)、N1(15%~20%)、N2(25%~30%)、N3(35%~40%)、R0(0)、R1(15%~20%)、R2(25%~30%)、R3(35%~40%)。运用描述性统计和差异性分析以及综合蓄水能力法对其林冠层、土壤层和枯落物层的水文效应综合分析,计算出各样地的总水源涵养量。结果表明:4个演替阶段总水源涵养量又大到小为成熟林、近成熟林、中龄林、幼龄林的规律;总水源涵养量由大到小表现为R3(1121.38t·hm^-2)、R2(938.79t·hm^-2))、R0(924.94t·hm^-2)、R1(913.59t·hm^-2)、N2(890.86t·hm^-2)、N3(873.76t·hm^-2)、M2(820.73t·hm^-2)、N0(810.79t·hm^-2)、N1(806.49t·hm^-2)、M1(732.19t·hm^-2)、M0(718.31t·hm^-2)、M3(699.27t·hm^-2)、Y3(647.63t·hm^-2)、Y1(638.72t·hm^-2)、Y0(628.71t·hm^-2)、Y2(623.25t·hm^-2)。从总水源涵养量分析,在中龄林和近成熟林中采用中强度间伐(25%~35%)最好,在幼龄林中3种间伐强度对其影响不大,在成熟林中采用高强度间伐(35%~45%)最好;因此,在天然兴安落叶松林不同的演替阶段,采取适当强度的抚育间伐,能够有效的调整其水源涵养功能并使其达到最大。The experiment was conducted to study the water conservation function of Larix gmelinii forest, the influence of tending and thinning for better forest management. Sixteen sample plots, Y0 (0), Y1 (15%-20%), Y2 (25%-30%), Y3 (35%-40%),M0 (0), M1 (15%-20%), M2 (25%-30%), M3 (35%-40%), N0 (0), N1 (15%-20%), N2 (25%-30%), N3 (35%-40%), R0 (0), R1 (15%-20%), R2 (25%-30%), and R3 (35%-40%) were set up in four experimental areas (young forest, middle-aged forest, near-mature forest and mature forest) in Daxing’an Mountains with four types of tending thinning intensity (contrast, low intensity thinning, medium intensity, and high intensity thinning). Descriptive statistics, differential analysis and comprehensive water storage capacity method were used to comprehensively analyze the hydrological effects of forest canopy, soil layer and litter layer, and the total water source conservation of each sample plot was calculated. The descending order of total water source conservation in the four succession stages was mature forest, near mature forest, middle age forest, and young forest;and the descending order of the total water source conservation was R3 (1121.38 t·hm^-2), R2 (938.79 t·hm^-2), R0 (924.94 t·hm^-2 ), R1 (913.59 t·hm^-2 ), N2 (890.86 t·hm^-2 ), N3 (873.76 t·hm^-2), M2 (820.73 t·hm^-2), N0 (810.79 t·hm^-2), N1 (806.49 t·hm^-2 ), M1 (732.19 t·hm^-2 ), M0 (718.31 t·hm^-2), M3 (699.27 t·hm^-2), Y3 (647.63 t·hm^-2), Y1 (638.72 t·hm^-2), Y0 (628.71 t·hm^-2 ), and Y2 (623.25 t·hm^-2 ). From the total water source conservation, medium-strength thinning (25%-35%) is the best used in middle-aged forests and near-mature forests, and the three thinning intensities have little effect on young forests. High-intensity thinning (35%~45%) is the best used in mature forest;therefore, in the different succession stages of natural Larix gmelinii forest, the appropriate intensity of thinning can effectively adjust water conservation function and maximize it.

关 键 词：抚育间伐 落叶松 不同演替阶段 水源涵养 

分 类 号：S753.7[农业科学—森林经理学]