街区空间形态对于交通污染在街谷相邻街区扩散的影响研究  

A Study on the Impact of Block Spatial Form on the Diffusion of Traffic Pollution in Neighboring Blocks of Street Canyon

作　　者：陈宏[1] 杨东帅 CHEN Hong;YANG Dongshuai

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,武汉430074 [2]中国联合工程有限公司,杭州310021

出　　处：《新建筑》2019年第5期8-12,共5页New Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51778251);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51538004)

摘　　要：街区空间是居民活动最活跃的场所,由街谷空间内部交通污染扩散引起的街区空间空气质量的变化是受到广泛关注的问题。研究利用CFD模拟的方法,针对街谷内交通污染物随气流向街谷相邻空间的扩散状况进行模拟分析。通过对18个案例从建筑山墙间距、街谷高宽比及建筑错列式布局三个方面探讨街区空间形态的差异对交通污染在街谷相邻空间内的浓度变化与分布特征的影响。研究结果表明建筑山墙间距、街谷高宽比及建筑错列式布局的差异对街区风环境产生明显影响,从而影响交通污染物在街谷及相邻空间内的扩散,导致街谷上下风向的相邻街区内交通污染浓度有不同程度的升高趋势。Adjacent street area is the most active place for residents’daily activities, and the change of air quality of the street area caused by traffic pollution diffusion inside the street canyon is a matter of widespread concern. This study uses CFD simulation method to clarify the diffusion process and airflow of traffic pollutants from the street canyon to the adjacent canyon. Eighteen plots were set according to different lengths between the buildings, height-to-width ratio of the street, and staggered layout of buildings. Through these cases, this study discusses the influence of different urban block form on the traffic pollution concentration and distribution characteristics in the adjacent canyon. The simulation results show that these three indices (the length between the buildings, the height-to-width ratio of the street and the staggered layout of the buildings) have a significant impact on the wind condition of the urban block, which affects the diffusion patterns of traffic pollutants in the main canyon and adjacent canyons. As a result, the traffic pollution concentration in adjacent canyons (upwind and downwind) increases with different degrees.

关 键 词：街谷相邻空间 街区空间形态 交通污染 CFD模拟 

分 类 号：X734[环境科学与工程—环境工程]