不同培肥方式对宁夏旱作区土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizing Patterns on Farmland Soil Fertility in Arid Region in Ningxia

作　　者：周艳 马琨[2] 冶秀香 杨金娟[1] 牛红霞[1] 马玲[1] ZHOU Yan;MA Kun;YE Xiuxiang;YANG Jinjuan;NIU Hongxia;MA Ling(College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratoryof Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第9期1428-1436,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发园区专项(2018BBF03002);宁夏高等学校研究生示范课程(YKC201704);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017B06);宁夏科技支撑计划同心园区专项(2016-01)~~

摘　　要：为揭示不同培肥措施下旱作耕地土壤肥力演变规律。以连续7a定位培肥试验农田土壤为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipidfattyacids,PLFAs)分析方法,研究不同培肥方式下土壤理化性状与土壤微生物群落组成间的相互关系。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,有机、无机肥配施能够显著增加土壤全氮、碱解氮与速效磷的质量分数;与不施肥相比,化肥单施、有机肥与无机肥配施显著降低土壤pH和C/N比值。随培肥年限的增加,土壤有机碳质量分数呈累积上升趋势;与单施化肥相比,化肥与牛粪、羊粪等较高量外源有机碳配施下,土壤有机碳年平均累积速率分别达到9.72%和10.90%,化肥与生物有机肥、黄腐酸钾等低量外源有机碳配施也提高了土壤有机碳质量分数,但增幅不显著。培肥方式与外源有机碳输入量的高低是影响土壤有机碳积累的主要因素。与对照相比,化肥配施牛粪和羊粪显著提高了以PLFAs表征的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌以及总微生物的生物量,但降低了革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的比值。多元分析结果表明,以PLFA表征的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌及土壤总微生物生物量均与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷和碱解氮质量分数呈正相关,土壤pH与土壤革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌的比值有正相关关系;土壤有机碳、全磷、有效磷、碱解氮是影响微生物的主要因素。旱作区中、长期化肥与有机肥配施改变了土壤养分质量分数状况及微生物群落结构组成,化肥配施较高量外源有机碳更有利于土壤有机碳的累积。To reveal the law of soil fertility evolution in the dry farming area under different types pf fertilization, The field soil with different types of continuous seven years’ location-fertilizing experiment was sampled as the materials. Based on the measurement of soil physical and chemical characteristics and soil microbial community, the interaction mechanism between soil microbial community and soil organic carbon was investigated. The result showed that compared with chemical fertilization alone , the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the mass fraction of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil. Compared with no fertilization, single application of chemical fertilizer and combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer significantly reduced soil pH and C/N ratio. Soil organic carbon content increased with increasing years of fertilizer application. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the average annual accumulation rate of soil organic carbon reached 9.72% and 10.90% respectively under the combined application of chemical fertilizer with cow manure and sheep manure and other high amounts of exogenous organic carbon. The combined application of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer and potassium fulvic acid and other low amounts of exogenous organic carbon also increased the soil organic carbon content, but the increase was not significant. The main factors affecting the accumulation of soil organic carbon in soil samples were the fertilization method and the input amount of exogenous organic carbon. Compared with the control, the PLFAs characterized soil biomass of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and total microorganisms was significantly increased by the combination of chemical fertilizer and cow/sheep manure, but the ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria was decreased. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the total biomass of soil bacteria,

关 键 词：土壤有机碳 微生物群落 磷脂脂肪酸 土壤培肥 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]