中世纪德语英雄叙事文学在口头性影响之下的叙事特色——以《尼伯龙根之歌》为例  

On Narrative Features of Medieval German Heroic Epic under the Influence of Orality:Based on the Example of The Song of the Nibelungs

作　　者：江雪奇 Jiang Xueqi(Institute of German and Dutch Languages and Literatures,Free University of Berlin,Berlin,Germany)

机构地区：[1]柏林自由大学德语与荷兰语语文研究所

出　　处：《外国文学》2019年第5期58-70,共13页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201706530047)

摘　　要：《尼伯龙根之歌》是中古高地德语英雄叙事文学中最负盛名的作品,其中比比皆是的“混乱”或“矛盾”之处却很容易令现代读者感到困惑。类似现象也见于同流派的其他作品,这一问题不应归咎于中世纪诗人的文学技巧过于拙劣,也并非仅仅是素材史的驳杂所致,而在某种程度上是因为这一流派在文学史上具有特殊地位:中古高地德语英雄叙事文学固然是成文的作品,但其起源、生产与接受过程都与口头传统密不可分,因此在不少方面体现出口头文学的特点,所谓的“混乱”或“矛盾”可据此得到部分解释。The Song of the Nibelungs is considered as the most famous work of Middle High German heroic epic. But a modern reader can be perplexed when confronted with numerous “discrepancies" and "contradictions" in the text. This phenomenon is also noticeable in other works of this genre. The present text indicates that neither the talent of the medieval poets should be blamed, nor is it due solely to the complicated history of the legend. Rather, the reason lies to a certain extent in the literary-historical special position of the genre: the Middle High German heroic epics are, admittedly, scripted works, but have many similarities with the oral literature because of their close connection with the oral tradition in respect of their origin, production and reception. The supposed "discrepancies" and "contradictions" can in some measure be explained by this fact.

关 键 词：中世纪德语文学 英雄叙事文学 中古高地德语 《尼伯龙根之歌》 口头性 口头诗歌 

分 类 号：I516[文学—其他各国文学]